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1,4-Diphenalkylpiperidines: A new scaffold for the design of potent inhibitors of the vesicular monoamine transporter-2.

ABSTRACT: A series of 1,4-diphenalkylpiperidine analogs were synthesized and evaluated for their affinity and inhibitory potency at the [(3)H]dihydrotetrabenazine (DTBZ) binding site and [(3)H]dopamine (DA) uptake site on the vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT2). Results revealed that translocation of the phenethyl side chains of lobelane from C2 and C6 to C1 and C4 around the central piperidine ring slightly reduces affinity and inhibitory potency at VMAT2 with respect to lobelane. However, methoxy and fluoro-substitution of either phenyl ring of these 1,4-diphenethyl analogs afforded VMAT2 inhibition comparable or higher (5-fold) affinity at the DTBZ binding and DA uptake sites relative to lobelane, whereas replacement of the 4-phenethyl moiety in these analogs with a 4-phenmethyl moiety markedly reduced affinity for the DTBZ binding and DA uptake sites by 3- and 5-fold, respectively. Among the twenty five 1,4-diphenethylpiperidine analogs evaluated, compounds containing a 4-(2-methoxyphenethyl) moiety exhibited the most potent inhibition of DTBZ binding and vesicular DA uptake. From this subgroup, analogs 8h, 8j and 8m exhibited Ki values of 9.3nM, 13nM and 13nM, respectively, for inhibition of [(3)H]DA uptake by VMAT2, and represent some of the most potent inhibitors of VMAT2 function reported thus far.

SUBMITTER: Nickell JR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4946565 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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1,4-Diphenalkylpiperidines: A new scaffold for the design of potent inhibitors of the vesicular monoamine transporter-2.

Nickell Justin R JR Culver John P JP Janganati Venumadhav V Zheng Guangrong G Dwoskin Linda P LP Crooks Peter A PA

Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 20160510 13

A series of 1,4-diphenalkylpiperidine analogs were synthesized and evaluated for their affinity and inhibitory potency at the [(3)H]dihydrotetrabenazine (DTBZ) binding site and [(3)H]dopamine (DA) uptake site on the vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT2). Results revealed that translocation of the phenethyl side chains of lobelane from C2 and C6 to C1 and C4 around the central piperidine ring slightly reduces affinity and inhibitory potency at VMAT2 with respect to lobelane. However, methoxy ...[more]

PMID: 27212067

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Project description:Valbenazine and deutetrabenazine are the only two therapeutic drugs approved for tardive dyskinesia based on blocking the action of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2). But there exist demethylated inactive metabolism at the nine position for both them resulting in low availability, and CYP2D6 plays a major role in this metabolism resulting in the genetic polymorphism issue. 9-trifluoroethoxy-dihydrotetrabenazine (13e) was identified as a promising lead compound for treating tardive dyskinesia. In this study, we separated 13e via chiral chromatography and acquired R,R,R-13e [(+)-13e] and S,S,S-13e [(-)-13e], and we investigated their VMAT2-inhibitory activity and examined the related pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics properties using in vitro and in vivo models (+)-13e displayed high affinity for VMAT2 (Ki = 1.48 nM) and strongly inhibited [3H]DA uptake (IC50 = 6.11 nM) in striatal synaptosomes. Conversely, its enantiomer was inactive. In vivo, (+)-13e decreased locomotion in rats in a dose-dependent manner. The treatment had faster, stronger, and longer-lasting effects than valbenazine at an equivalent dose. Mono-oxidation was the main metabolic pathway in the liver microsomes and in dog plasma after oral administration, and glucuronide conjugation of mono-oxidized and/or demethylated products and direct glucuronide conjugation were also major metabolic pathways in dog plasma. O-detrifluoroethylation of (+)-13e did not occur. Furthermore, CYP3A4 was identified as the primary isoenzyme responsible for mono-oxidation and demethylation metabolism, and CYP2C8 was a secondary isoenzyme (+)-13e displayed high permeability across the Caco-2 cell monolayer, and it was not a P-glycoprotein substrate as demonstrated by its high oral absolute bioavailability (75.9%) in dogs. Thus, our study findings highlighted the potential efficacy and safety of (+)-13e in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia. These results should promote its clinical development.

Dataset Information

1,4-Diphenalkylpiperidines: A new scaffold for the design of potent inhibitors of the vesicular monoamine transporter-2.

Publications

1,4-Diphenalkylpiperidines: A new scaffold for the design of potent inhibitors of the vesicular monoamine transporter-2.

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