Dataset Information

Whole-Exome Sequencing in Familial Parkinson Disease.

ABSTRACT: IMPORTANCE:Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease for which susceptibility is linked to genetic and environmental risk factors. OBJECTIVE:To identify genetic variants contributing to disease risk in familial PD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:A 2-stage study design that included a discovery cohort of families with PD and a replication cohort of familial probands was used. In the discovery cohort, rare exonic variants that segregated in multiple affected individuals in a family and were predicted to be conserved or damaging were retained. Genes with retained variants were prioritized if expressed in the brain and located within PD-relevant pathways. Genes in which prioritized variants were observed in at least 4 families were selected as candidate genes for replication in the replication cohort. The setting was among individuals with familial PD enrolled from academic movement disorder specialty clinics across the United States. All participants had a family history of PD. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES:Identification of genes containing rare, likely deleterious, genetic variants in individuals with familial PD using a 2-stage exome sequencing study design. RESULTS:The 93 individuals from 32 families in the discovery cohort (49.5% [46 of 93] female) had a mean (SD) age at onset of 61.8 (10.0) years. The 49 individuals with familial PD in the replication cohort (32.6% [16 of 49] female) had a mean (SD) age at onset of 50.1 (15.7) years. Discovery cohort recruitment dates were 1999 to 2009, and replication cohort recruitment dates were 2003 to 2014. Data analysis dates were 2011 to 2015. Three genes containing a total of 13 rare and potentially damaging variants were prioritized in the discovery cohort. Two of these genes (TNK2 and TNR) also had rare variants that were predicted to be damaging in the replication cohort. All 9 variants identified in the 2 replicated genes in 12 families across the discovery and replication cohorts were confirmed via Sanger sequencing. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:TNK2 and TNR harbored rare, likely deleterious, variants in individuals having familial PD, with similar findings in an independent cohort. To our knowledge, these genes have not been previously associated with PD, although they have been linked to critical neuronal functions. Further studies are required to confirm a potential role for these genes in the pathogenesis of PD.

SUBMITTER: Farlow JL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4946647 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Whole-Exome Sequencing in Familial Parkinson Disease.

Farlow Janice L JL Robak Laurie A LA Hetrick Kurt K Bowling Kevin K Boerwinkle Eric E Coban-Akdemir Zeynep H ZH Gambin Tomasz T Gibbs Richard A RA Gu Shen S Jain Preti P Jankovic Joseph J Jhangiani Shalini S Kaw Kaveeta K Lai Dongbing D Lin Hai H Ling Hua H Liu Yunlong Y Lupski James R JR Muzny Donna D Porter Paula P Pugh Elizabeth E White Janson J Doheny Kimberly K Myers Richard M RM Shulman Joshua M JM Foroud Tatiana T

JAMA neurology 20160101 1

<h4>Importance</h4>Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease for which susceptibility is linked to genetic and environmental risk factors.<h4>Objective</h4>To identify genetic variants contributing to disease risk in familial PD.<h4>Design, setting, and participants</h4>A 2-stage study design that included a discovery cohort of families with PD and a replication cohort of familial probands was used. In the discovery cohort, rare exonic variants that segregated in multiple ...[more]

PMID: 26595808

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Project description:BackgroundGenetic association studies for gastroschisis have highlighted several candidate variants. However, genetic basis in gastroschisis from noninvestigated heritable factors could provide new insights into the human biology for this birth defect. We aim to identify novel gastroschisis susceptibility variants by employing whole exome sequencing (WES) in a Mexican family with recurrence of gastroschisis.MethodsWe employed WES in two affected half-sisters with gastroschisis, mother, and father of the proband. Additionally, functional bioinformatics analysis was based on SVS-PhoRank and Ensembl-Variant Effect Predictor. The latter assessed the potentially deleterious effects (high, moderate, low, or modifier impact) from exome variants based on SIFT, PolyPhen, dbNSFP, Condel, LoFtool, MaxEntScan, and BLOSUM62 algorithms. The analysis was based on the Human Genome annotation, GRCh37/hg19. Candidate genes were prioritized and manually curated based on significant phenotypic relevance (SVS-PhoRank) and functional properties (Ensembl-Variant Effect Predictor). Functional enrichment analysis was performed using ToppGene Suite, including a manual curation of significant Gene Ontology (GO) biological processes from functional similarity analysis of candidate genes.ResultsNo single gene-disrupting variant was identified. Instead, 428 heterozygous variations were identified for which SPATA17, PDE4DIP, CFAP65, ALPP, ZNF717, OR4C3, MAP2K3, TLR8, and UBE2NL were predicted as high impact in both cases, mother, and father of the proband. PLOD1, COL6A3, FGFRL1, HHIP, SGCD, RAPGEF1, PKD1, ZFHX3, BCAS3, EVPL, CEACAM5, and KLK14 were segregated among both cases and mother. Multiple interacting background modifiers may regulate gastroschisis susceptibility. These candidate genes highlight a role for development of blood vessel, circulatory system, muscle structure, epithelium, and epidermis, regulation of cell junction assembly, biological/cell adhesion, detection/response to endogenous stimulus, regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process, response to growth factor, postreplication repair/protein K63-linked ubiquitination, protein-containing complex assembly, and regulation of transcription DNA-templated.ConclusionConsidering the likely gene-disrupting prediction results and similar biological pattern of mechanisms, we propose a joint "multifactorial model" in gastroschisis pathogenesis.

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Whole-Exome Sequencing in Familial Parkinson Disease.

Publications

Whole-Exome Sequencing in Familial Parkinson Disease.

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