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One-Pot Synthesis of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic N-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots via Exfoliating and Disintegrating Graphite Flakes.

ABSTRACT: Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have drawn tremendous attention on account of their numerous alluring properties and a wide range of application potentials. Here, we report that hydrophilic and hydrophobic N-doped GQDs can be prepared via exfoliating and disintegrating graphite flakes. Various spectroscopic characterizations including TEM, AFM, FTIR, PL, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy demonstrated that the hydrophilic N-doped GQDs (IN-GQDs) and the hydrophobic N-doped GQDs (ON-GQDs) are mono-layered and multi-layered, respectively. In terms of practical aspects, the supercapacitor of an ON-GQDs/SWCNTs composite paper electrode was fabricated and exhibited an areal capacitance of 114 mF/cm(2), which is more than 250% higher than the best reported value to date for a GQDs/carbon nanotube hybrid composite. For IN-GQDs applications, bio-memristor devices of IN-GQDs-albumen combination exhibited on/off current ratios in excess of 10(4) accompanied by stable switching endurance of over 250 cycles. The resistance stability of the high resistance state and the low resistance state could be maintained for over 10(4) s. Moreover, the IN-GQDs exhibited a superior quantum yield (34%), excellent stability of cellular imaging, and no cytotoxicity. Hence, the solution-based method for synchronized production of IN-GQDs and ON-GQDs is a facile and processable route that will bring GQDs-based electronics and composites closer to actualization.

SUBMITTER: Kuo NJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4958986 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Graphene has unprecedented physical, chemical, and electronic properties, but need of the hour is to develop low-dimensional nanomaterials, such as graphene quantum dots (GQDs), that could be incorporated into nanoscale devices. This article depicts the production of GQDs from ultrafine, thin (0.8-1 nm), bilayer graphene sheets (GSs) possessing large micron-sized lateral dimension, low defect density (I D/I G: 0.1), and oxidation degree (C/O ratio: 27) of lowest level, in contrast to many other techniques where synthesis of GSs was done using analytical-grade expensive graphite electrodes. This low-cost manufacturing of GSs for industrial-scale applications was achieved by utilizing only 99%-purity graphite electrodes. The variants of such graphite electrodes (graphite rod, film, pencil) are etched in different pH electrolytes (H2SO4, NaCl, NaOH) via prompt electrochemical exfoliation, each giving more than 50% yield. Nowadays, semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are utilized in smart device production industries, but their toxicity is a major issue of concern. Therefore, the dimension of this two-dimensional (2D) material is reduced to <10 nm to generate GQDs. A facile and highly reproducible approach has been reported for the large-scale generation of GQDs (size ca. 6-10 nm) with minimal surface defects. The protocol followed in this article to synthesize GQDs involves the use of ethylenediamine (en), which passivates the surface and reduces defects, thereby enhancing the optical properties. We demonstrate the correlation of the electrochemical and hydrothermal parameters with the growth mechanism and morphological, structural, chemical, and optical properties of the graphene nanomaterials. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveal the structural configurations of GSs and GQDs to investigate the nature of defects. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) confirms the morphological characteristics of the as-prepared GSs and GQDs with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis determining the C/O ratio. The optical properties like UV-visible absorption and fluorescence assays show the quantum confinement effect phenomenon in GQDs. The obtained GSs and GQDs display enhanced solution stability in DI water and other solvents due to controllable oxidation degree as elucidated through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis.

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One-Pot Synthesis of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic N-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots via Exfoliating and Disintegrating Graphite Flakes.

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