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The feeder system of the Toba supervolcano from the slab to the shallow reservoir.

ABSTRACT: The Toba Caldera has been the site of several large explosive eruptions in the recent geological past, including the world's largest Pleistocene eruption 74,000 years ago. The major cause of this particular behaviour may be the subduction of the fluid-rich Investigator Fracture Zone directly beneath the continental crust of Sumatra and possible tear of the slab. Here we show a new seismic tomography model, which clearly reveals a complex multilevel plumbing system beneath Toba. Large amounts of volatiles originate in the subducting slab at a depth of ?150?km, migrate upward and cause active melting in the mantle wedge. The volatile-rich basic magmas accumulate at the base of the crust in a ?50,000?km(3) reservoir. The overheated volatiles continue ascending through the crust and cause melting of the upper crust rocks. This leads to the formation of a shallow crustal reservoir that is directly responsible for the supereruptions.

SUBMITTER: Koulakov I

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4960321 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The feeder system of the Toba supervolcano from the slab to the shallow reservoir.

Koulakov Ivan I Kasatkina Ekaterina E Shapiro Nikolai M NM Jaupart Claude C Vasilevsky Alexander A El Khrepy Sami S Al-Arifi Nassir N Smirnov Sergey S

Nature communications 20160719

The Toba Caldera has been the site of several large explosive eruptions in the recent geological past, including the world's largest Pleistocene eruption 74,000 years ago. The major cause of this particular behaviour may be the subduction of the fluid-rich Investigator Fracture Zone directly beneath the continental crust of Sumatra and possible tear of the slab. Here we show a new seismic tomography model, which clearly reveals a complex multilevel plumbing system beneath Toba. Large amounts of ...[more]

PMID: 27433784

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The feeder system of the Toba supervolcano from the slab to the shallow reservoir.

Publications

The feeder system of the Toba supervolcano from the slab to the shallow reservoir.

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