Dataset Information

Intensified Springtime Deep Convection over the South China Sea and the Philippine Sea Dries Southern China.

ABSTRACT: Springtime rainfall, accounting for 25-40% of the annual rainfall in southern China, exerts great agricultural and socioeconomic impacts on the region. In the recent decades, southern China has experienced a significant declining trend of precipitation in boreal spring. Meanwhile, precipitation has increased over the South China Sea and the Philippine Sea (SCS-PhS). This paper presents observational and modeling evidences suggesting that the intensified latent heating released by the convection over SCS-PhS leads to suppressed springtime rainfall over southern China. Moisture budget analysis indicates that the drying trend over southern China is due mainly to weakened convergence of moisture flux, which is controlled by a heat-induced anomalous overturning circulation reinforced by the convection over SCS-PhS. Further idealized simulations support the feature that the heat-induced overturning circulation and its corresponding anomalous cyclone can be well established in several days under the spring mean flow condition. Thus, this rapid dynamic process is associated with both the intraseasonal-to-interannual variations and the long-term change of the springtime rainfall over southern China.

SUBMITTER: Li Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4962042 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Intensified Springtime Deep Convection over the South China Sea and the Philippine Sea Dries Southern China.

Li Zhenning Z Yang Song S He Bian B Hu Chundi C

Scientific reports 20160727

Springtime rainfall, accounting for 25-40% of the annual rainfall in southern China, exerts great agricultural and socioeconomic impacts on the region. In the recent decades, southern China has experienced a significant declining trend of precipitation in boreal spring. Meanwhile, precipitation has increased over the South China Sea and the Philippine Sea (SCS-PhS). This paper presents observational and modeling evidences suggesting that the intensified latent heating released by the convection ...[more]

PMID: 27461985

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Project description:The South Adriatic Sea is the deepest part of the Adriatic Sea and represents a key area for both the Adriatic Sea and the deep eastern Mediterranean. It has a role in dense water formation for the eastern Mediterranean deep circulation cell, and it represents an entry point for water masses originating from the Ionian Sea. The biodiversity and seasonality of bacterial picoplankton before, during, and after deep winter convection in the oligotrophic South Adriatic waters were assessed by combining comparative 16S rRNA sequence analysis and catalyzed reporter deposition-fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH). The picoplankton communities reached their maximum abundance in the spring euphotic zone when the maximum value of the chlorophyll a in response to deep winter convection was recorded. The communities were dominated by Bacteria, while Archaea were a minor constituent. A seasonality of bacterial richness and diversity was observed, with minimum values occurring during the winter convection and spring postconvection periods and maximum values occurring under summer stratified conditions. The SAR11 clade was the main constituent of the bacterial communities and reached the maximum abundance in the euphotic zone in spring after the convection episode. Cyanobacteria were the second most abundant group, and their abundance strongly depended on the convection event, when minimal cyanobacterial abundance was observed. In spring and autumn, the euphotic zone was characterized by Bacteroidetes and Gammaproteobacteria. Bacteroidetes clades NS2b, NS4, and NS5 and the gammaproteobacterial SAR86 clade were detected to co-occur with phytoplankton blooms. The SAR324, SAR202, and SAR406 clades were present in the deep layer, exhibiting different seasonal variations in abundance. Overall, our data demonstrate that the abundances of particular bacterial clades and the overall bacterial richness and diversity are greatly impacted by strong winter convection.

Project description:The Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies (SSTA) are created for the chosen study period from 1977 to 2016 (40-years) including the base period from 1941 to 1970 (30-years) using the two different raw Sea Surface Temperature (SST) datasets named Optimum Interpolation (OI) SST version 2 and Centennial in situ Observation-Based Estimates (COBE) SST version 2. The SSTA and SST are measured for each month from May to November (typhoon activity months in the North West Pacific) over the entire Global Ocean, especially focusing on the North Pacific Ocean; Philippine Sea; South China Sea; and Eastern China Sea (the marginal Seas of the North West Pacific Ocean). The OI-SST V2 dataset is directly accessed by the online link https://psl.noaa.gov/, which is made available by the Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). OI-SST V2 dataset contains monthly-averaged SST data from December 1981 to May 2020. COBE-SST V2 dataset belongs to the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and is also made available by the PSL of NOAA through the online link https://psl.noaa.gov/. COBE-SST V2 dataset contains a very long period of monthly-averaged SST data from January 1850 to December 2019. The SST data in both datasets are on a regular one-degree (1o) grid covering the entire Oceans of the Earth. Both datasets are in the Network Common Data Form (NetCDF)(.nc) and can be opened on any appropriate software platform like ESRI ArcGIS 10.5 for further analysis. All SST data presented in this article merely belong to the typhoon season months (from May to November) of the North West Pacific (NWP) Ocean basin and are thus crucial for typhoon-related research. At First, the SST data for each month from May to November over the whole study and the base periods are extracted for the entire Global Ocean. Then, for each successive 5-year period and 10-year period, the SST data is averaged separately for each month from May to November. Also, for the whole 40 years of the chosen current period and 30 years of the base period, the SST data is averaged separately for each month of the typhoon season. The successive year, 5-year, and 10-year SST data of the chosen current period is averaged for all seven months of typhoon season. Also, for the whole 40 years of the chosen current period and 30 years of the base period, the SST data is averaged over all seven months of typhoon season. Finally, the yearly, 5-yearly, 10-yearly, and monthly Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies (SSTA) are measured using the chosen current and base period data for the entire Global Ocean, North Pacific Ocean, Philippine Sea, South China sea, and Eastern China Sea. Statistical analyses are done, which are significant for global warming, SST, and typhoon-related research. For detailed analysis, explanation, and discussion, the readers are referred to the "Typhoon strength rising in the past four decades" [1].

Dataset Information

Intensified Springtime Deep Convection over the South China Sea and the Philippine Sea Dries Southern China.

Publications

Intensified Springtime Deep Convection over the South China Sea and the Philippine Sea Dries Southern China.

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