Epidermal Neuromedin U Attenuates IgE-Mediated Allergic Skin Inflammation.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Mizukawa Y
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4963095 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Basophils play critical roles in the development of mouse delayed-onset skin allergic inflammation (IgE-CAI model). Importantly, they also contribute to the resolution of allergic inflammation by promoting the generation of pro-resolving macrophages. However, it remains unclear how pro-resolving macrophages suppress excess inflammation. To address this, we conducted single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) analysis of the IgE-CAI skin lesion at days 3 and 5 post-challenge of allergens. scRNA-seq analysis identified two distinct classical monocyte-derived macrophage (CMDM) populations, namely early and late CMDMs, in IgE-CAI skin lesion. The former population was preferentially observed at the peak of inflammation (day 3), whereas the latter one at the termination phase of inflammation (day 5). Gene ontology analysis revealed that genes associated with phagocytosis were enriched in late CMDMs. In particular, late CMDMs displayed upregulated expression of Gas6 and Mertk, key genes for phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells. Taken together, scRNA-seq identified CMDMs that display high capacity of dead cell clearance and contribute to the resolution of IgE-CAI.
2024-01-22 | GSE221310 | GEO
Project description:Basophils play critical roles in the development of mouse delayed-onset skin allergic inflammation (IgE-CAI model). Importantly, they also contribute to the resolution of allergic inflammation by promoting the generation of pro-resolving macrophages. However, it remains unclear how pro-resolving macrophages suppress excess inflammation. To address this, we conducted single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) analysis of the IgE-CAI skin lesion at days 3 and 5 post-challenge of allergens. scRNA-seq analysis identified four distinct monocyte-macrophage subpopulations, namely classical monoytes, early CMDMs, late CMDMs and resident-like macrophages. Based on the gene expression profiles, classical monoytes, early CMDMs, late CMDMs and resident-like macrophages corresponded to Ly6ChiPD-L2lo, Ly6ChiPD-L2hi, Ly6CloPD-L2hi, and Ly6CloPD-L2lo, respectively.
2024-01-22 | GSE245865 | GEO
Project description:BackgroundActivator protein-1 (AP1), a c-Fos-JUN transcription factor complex, mediates many cytobiological processes. c-Fos has been implicated in immunoglobulin (Ig)E activation of mast cells (MCs) via high-affinity IgE Fc receptor (FcεRI) binding. This study examined c-Fos involvement in MC activation and tested the effects of the c-Fos/AP1 inhibitor T-5224 on MCs activation and allergic responses.MethodsIn vitro studies were conducted with two MC model systems: rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBLs) and mouse bone marrow derived mast cells (BMMCs). MC degranulation and effector functions were examined with β-hexosaminidase release and cytokine secretion assays. c-Fos/AP1 was inhibited with T-5224. c-Fos activity was suppressed with short hairpin RNA targeting c-Fos (shFos). In vivo immune responses were evaluated in passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and ovalbumin-induced active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) models, as well as in an oxazolone (OXA)-induced model of atopic dermatitis, a common allergic disease.Resultsc-Fos expression was elevated transcriptionally and translationally in IgE-stimulated MCs. c-Fos binding of the Egr1 (early growth response 1) promoter upregulated Egr1 transcription, leading to production of interleukin (IL)4. T-5224 reduced FcεRI-mediated MC degranulation (evidenced by β-hexosaminidase activity and histamine levels) and diminished EGR1 and IL4 expression. T-5224 attenuated IgE-mediated allergic responses in PCA and ASA models, and it suppressed MC-mediated atopic dermatitis in mice.ConclusionIgE binding can activate MCs via a c-Fos/Egr1/IL-4 axis. T-5224 suppresses MC activation in vitro and in vivo and thus represents a promising potential strategy for targeting MC activation to treat allergic diseases.
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Project description:The epithelial lining of the airway tract and allergen-specific IgE are considered essential controllers of inflammatory responses to allergens. The human low affinity IgE receptor, CD23 (Fc?RII), is capable of transporting IgE or IgE-allergen complexes across the polarized human airway epithelial cell (AEC) monolayer in vitro. However, it remains unknown whether the CD23-dependent IgE transfer pathway in AECs initiates and facilitates allergic inflammation in vivo, and whether inhibition of this pathway attenuates allergic inflammation. To this end, we show that in wild-type (WT) mice, epithelial CD23 transcytosed both IgE and ovalbumin (OVA)-IgE complexes across the airway epithelial barrier, whereas neither type of transcytosis was observed in CD23 knockout (KO) mice. In chimeric mice, OVA sensitization and aerosol challenge of WT/WT (bone-marrow transfer from the WT to WT) or CD23KO/WT (CD23KO to WT) chimeric mice, which express CD23 on radioresistant airway structural cells (mainly epithelial cells) resulted in airway eosinophilia, including collagen deposition and a significant increase in goblet cells, and increased airway hyperreactivity. In contrast, the absence of CD23 expression on airway structural or epithelial cells, but not on hematopoietic cells, in WT/CD23KO (the WT to CD23KO) chimeric mice significantly reduced OVA-driven allergic airway inflammation. In addition, inhalation of the CD23-blocking B3B4 antibody in sensitized WT mice before or during airway challenge suppressed the salient features of asthma, including bronchial hyperreactivity. Taken together, these results identify a previously unproven mechanism in which epithelial CD23 plays a central role in the development of allergic inflammation. Further, our study suggests that functional inhibition of CD23 in the airway is a potential therapeutic approach to inhibit the development of asthma.
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Project description:Allergic diseases are inflammatory disorders that involve many types of cells and factors, including allergens, immunoglobulin (Ig)E, mast cells, basophils, cytokines and soluble mediators. Among them, IgE plays a vital role in the development of acute allergic reactions and chronic inflammatory allergic diseases, making its control particularly important in the treatment of IgE-mediated allergic diseases. This review provides an overview of the current state of IgE targeted therapy development, focusing on three areas of translational research: IgE neutralization in blood; IgE-effector cell elimination; and IgE+ B cell reduction. IgE-targeted medicines such as FDA approved drug Xolair (Omalizumab) represent a promising avenue for treating IgE-mediated allergic diseases given the pernicious role of IgE in disease progression. Additionally, targeted therapy for IgE-mediated allergic diseases may be advanced through cellular treatments, including the modification of effector cells.
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Project description:BackgroundPatients with eosinophilic esophagitis have increased numbers of mucosal mast cells. Administration of the proton pump inhibitor omeprazole can reduce both esophageal mast cell and eosinophil numbers and attenuate type 2 inflammation in these subjects.ObjectiveGiven that maintenance of an acidic environment within granules is important for mast cell homeostasis, we sought to evaluate the effects of omeprazole on mast cell functions including development, IgE:FcεRI-mediated activation, and responses to food allergen.MethodsMast cell degranulation, cytokine secretion, and early signaling events in the FcεRI pathway, including protein kinase phosphorylation and Ca2+ flux, were measured after IgE crosslinking in murine bone marrow-derived mast cells and human cord blood-derived mast cells. The effects of omeprazole on these responses were investigated as was its impact on mast cell-dependent anaphylaxis and food allergy phenotypes in vivo.ResultsMurine and human mast cells treated with omeprazole exhibited diminished degranulation and release of cytokines and histamine in response to allergen. In murine mast cells, phosphorylation of protein kinases, ERK and SYK, was decreased. Differentiation of mast cells from bone marrow progenitors was also inhibited. IgE-mediated passive anaphylaxis was blunted in mice treated with omeprazole as was allergen-induced mast cell expansion and mast cell activation in the intestine in a model of food allergy.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that omeprazole targets pathways important for the differentiation and activation of murine mast cells and for the manifestations of food allergy and anaphylaxis.
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Project description:The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway integrates environmental cues, promotes cell growth/differentiation, and regulates immune responses. Although inhibition of mTOR with rapamycin has potent immunosuppressive activity, mixed effects have been reported in OVA-induced models of allergic asthma. We investigated the impact of two rapamycin treatment protocols on the major characteristics of allergic asthma induced by the clinically relevant allergen, house dust mite (HDM). In protocol 1, BALB/c mice were exposed to 10 intranasal HDM doses over a period of 24 d and treated with rapamycin simultaneously during the sensitization/exposure period. In protocol 2, rapamycin was administered after the mice had been sensitized to HDM (i.p. injection) and prior to initiation of two intranasal HDM challenges over 4 d. Airway hyperreactivity (AHR), IgE, inflammatory cells, cytokines, leukotrienes, goblet cells, and activated T cells were assessed. In protocol 1, rapamycin blocked HDM-induced increases in AHR, inflammatory cell counts, and IgE, as well as attenuated goblet cell metaplasia. In protocol 2, rapamycin blocked increases in AHR, IgE, and T cell activation and reduced goblet cell metaplasia, but it had no effect on inflammatory cell counts. Increases in IL-13 and leukotrienes were also blocked by rapamycin, although increases in IL-4 were unaffected. These data demonstrated that rapamycin can inhibit cardinal features of allergic asthma, including increases in AHR, IgE, and goblet cells, most likely as a result of its ability to reduce the production of two key mediators of asthma: IL-13 and leukotrienes. These findings highlight the importance of the mTOR pathway in allergic airway disease.
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