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Identification and Antifungal Susceptibility of Penicillium-Like Fungi from Clinical Samples in the United States.

ABSTRACT: Penicillium species are some of the most common fungi observed worldwide and have an important economic impact as well as being occasional agents of human and animal mycoses. A total of 118 isolates thought to belong to the genus Penicillium based on morphological features were obtained from the Fungus Testing Laboratory at the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio (United States). The isolates were studied phenotypically using standard growth conditions. Molecular identification was made using two genetic markers, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and a fragment of the ?-tubulin gene. In order to assess phylogenetic relationships, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference assessments were used. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed according to CLSI document M38-A2 for nine antifungal drugs. The isolates were identified within three genera, i.e., Penicillium, Talaromyces, and Rasamsonia The most frequent species in our study were Penicillium rubens, P. citrinum, and Talaromyces amestolkiae The potent in vitro activity of amphotericin B (AMB) and terbinafine (TRB) and of the echinocandins against Penicillium and Talaromyces species might offer a good therapeutic alternative for the treatment of infections caused by these fungi.

SUBMITTER: Guevara-Suarez M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4963513 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Identification and Antifungal Susceptibility of Penicillium-Like Fungi from Clinical Samples in the United States.

Guevara-Suarez Marcela M Sutton Deanna A DA Cano-Lira José F JF García Dania D Martin-Vicente Adela A Wiederhold Nathan N Guarro Josep J Gené Josepa J

Journal of clinical microbiology 20160608 8

Penicillium species are some of the most common fungi observed worldwide and have an important economic impact as well as being occasional agents of human and animal mycoses. A total of 118 isolates thought to belong to the genus Penicillium based on morphological features were obtained from the Fungus Testing Laboratory at the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio (United States). The isolates were studied phenotypically using standard growth conditions. Molecular identificat ...[more]

PMID: 27280422

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Project description:To have a comprehensive understanding of epidemiology and antifungal susceptibilities in pathogenic yeasts, the China Antifungal Resistance Surveillance Trial (CARST-fungi) study was conducted. All yeast isolates were identified by ribosomal DNA sequencing. Antifungal susceptibilities were performed using CLSI M27-A4 broth microdilution method. Sequence and expression level of resistant-related genes in resistant/non-wide-type (NWT) Candida isolates were analyzed. Totally 269 nonduplicate yeast isolates from 261 patients were collected. About half of the yeast isolates (127, 47.2%) were recovered from blood, followed by ascetic fluid (46, 17.1%). C. albicans remained the most prevalent (120, 44.6%), followed by C. parapsilosis complex (50, 18.6%), C. tropicalis (40, 14.9%), and C. glabrata (36, 13.4%). Fourteen (11.7%) C. albicans isolates and 1 (2.0%) C. parapsilosis isolate were resistant/NWT to triazoles. Only 42.5% (17/40) C. tropicalis were susceptible/WT to all the triazoles, with 19 (47.5%) isolates NWT to posaconazole and 8 (20%) cross-resistant to triazoles. Among C. glabrata, 20 (55.6%) and 8 (22.2%) isolates were resistant/NWT to voriconazole and posaconazole, respectively, and 4 (10.3%) isolates were cross-resistant to triazoles. Isavuconazole was the most active triazole against common Candida isolates. Except for 2 isolates of C. glabrata cross-resistant to echinocandins which were also NWT to POS and defined as multidrug-resistant, echinocandins exhibit good activity against common Candida species. All isolates were WT to AMB. For less common species, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa exhibited high MICs to echinocandins and FLC, and 1 isolate of Trichosporon asahii showed high MICs to all the antifungals except AMB. Among triazole-resistant Candida isolates, ERG11 mutations were detected in 10/14 C. albicans and 6/23 C. tropicalis, while 21/23 C. tropicalis showed MDR1 overexpression. Overexpression of CDR1, CDR2, and SNQ2 exhibited in 14, 13, and 8 of 25 triazole-resistant C. glabrata isolates, with 5 isolates harboring PDR1 mutations and 2 echinocandins-resistant isolates harboring S663P mutation in FKS2. Overall, the CARST-fungi study demonstrated that although C. albicans remain the most predominant species, non-C. albicans species accounted for a high proportion. Triazole-resistance is notable among C. tropicalis and C. glabrata. Multidrug-resistant isolates of C. glabrata and less common yeast have been emerging.

Dataset Information

Identification and Antifungal Susceptibility of Penicillium-Like Fungi from Clinical Samples in the United States.

Publications

Identification and Antifungal Susceptibility of Penicillium-Like Fungi from Clinical Samples in the United States.

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