Distinct relationships between social aptitude and dimensions of manic-like symptoms in youth.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Benarous X
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4967092 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:ObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to define the latent structure of parent-reported manic symptoms and their association with functional impairment and familial risk in a community sample of Brazilian children.MethodWe screened for manic symptoms in a community sample of 2,512 children 6 to 12 years of age. Parents of children with "episodes of going abnormally high" completed a detailed mania section (n = 479; 19.1%). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tested a solution with "Under-Control (UC)" and "Exuberant (EX)" dimensions, investigating the severity (threshold) and factor loading of each symptom. We also used latent class analysis (LCA) to evaluate the latent categorical structure of manic symptoms. Associations of these latent constructs with psychiatric comorbidity, psychosocial impairment, and family history of psychopathology were tested.ResultsThe 2-dimensional model fit the data well. Only the UC dimension was associated with psychiatric morbidity, psychosocial impairment, and a family history of mania, depression, or suicide attempts. Both UC and EX items discriminated subjects with "episodes of going abnormally high," but EX items lay at the mild end of the severity spectrum, whereas UC items lay at the severe end. The LCA yielded a small group of children with high levels of manic symptoms and a distinct profile of psychiatric comorbidity and impairment ("high-symptom group").ConclusionIn a large, community-based sample, we found a 2-dimensional latent structure for parent-reported manic symptoms in youth, and demonstrated familial associations between the UC dimension and affective disorders. Both UC and EX items are clinically useful, but their contributions vary with symptom severity.
| S-EPMC4477846 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundIt has been reported that mania may be associated with superior cognitive performance. In this study, we test the hypothesis that manic symptoms in youth separate along two correlated dimensions and that a symptom constellation of high energy and cheerfulness is associated with superior cognitive performance.MethodWe studied 1755 participants of the IMAGEN study, of average age 14.4 years (SD = 0.43), 50.7% girls. Manic symptoms were assessed using the Development and Wellbeing Assessment by interviewing parents and young people. Cognition was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale For Children (WISC-IV) and a response inhibition task.ResultsManic symptoms in youth formed two correlated dimensions: one termed exuberance, characterized by high energy and cheerfulness and one of undercontrol with distractibility, irritability and risk-taking behavior. Only the undercontrol, but not the exuberant dimension, was independently associated with measures of psychosocial impairment. In multivariate regression models, the exuberant, but not the undercontrolled, dimension was positively and significantly associated with verbal IQ by both parent- and self-report; conversely, the undercontrolled, but not the exuberant, dimension was associated with poor performance in a response inhibition task.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that manic symptoms in youth may form dimensions with distinct correlates. The results are in keeping with previous findings about superior performance associated with mania. Further research is required to study etiological differences between these symptom dimensions and their implications for clinical practice.
| S-EPMC4167034 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundPrader Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder caused by the absence of expression of the paternal copies of maternally imprinted gene(s) located at 15q11-q13. While the physical and medical characteristics of PWS, including short stature, hyperphagia and endocrine dysfunction are well-characterized, systematic investigation of the long-recognized psychiatric manifestations has been recent.MethodsHere, we report on the first remote (web-based) assessment of neurobehavioral traits, including psychosis-risk symptoms (Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief Version; PQ-B) and sleep behaviors (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), in a cohort of 128 participants with PWS, of whom 48% had a paternal deletion, 36% uniparental disomy, 2.4% an imprinting mutation and 13% unknown mutation (mean age 19.3 years ± 8.4; 53.9% female). We aimed to identify the most informative variables that contribute to psychosis-risk symptoms. Multiple domains of cognition (accuracy and speed) were also assessed in a subset of PWS participants (n = 39) using the Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery (Penn-CNB).ResultsIndividuals with PWS reported a range of psychosis-risk symptoms, with over half reporting cognitive disorganization (63.1%) and about one third reporting unusual beliefs (38.6%) and/or suspiciousness (33.3%). Subjectively-reported sleep quality, nap frequency, sleep duration, sleep disturbance, and daytime dysfunction were significant predictors of psychosis-risk symptom frequency and severity (all p's < 0.029). Sleep disturbance ratings were the strongest predictors of psychosis-risk symptoms. Regarding cognition, individuals with PWS showed the most prominent deficits in accuracy on measures of social cognition involving faces, namely Face Memory, Age Differentiation and Emotion Recognition, and greatest slowing on measures of Attention and Emotion Recognition. However, there were no significant differences in psychosis-risk symptoms or cognitive performance as a function of PWS genetic subtype.ConclusionsPWS is associated with a high prevalence of distressing psychosis-risk symptoms, which are associated with sleep disturbance. Findings indicate that self/parent-reported neurobehavioral symptoms and cognition can be assessed remotely in individuals with PWS, which has implications for future large-scale investigations of rare neurogenetic disorders.
| S-EPMC9043455 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Parenting practices and parental symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been linked to severity and course of youth ADHD. However, genetically influenced behaviors related to ADHD in youth may also influence parenting behaviors. Polygenic scores (PGS) have been widely used to quantify genetic vulnerability for ADHD but has rarely been used to examine gene-environment correlation effects. The current study examined the direct effects of youth ADHD PGS and its evocative effects on parenting behaviors via youth ADHD symptoms. 803 youth aged 6-18 years (58.5% male) completed a multistage, multi-informant assessment that included measures of parenting practices and youth and parental ADHD symptoms. A mediation model was used to evaluate direct and evocative effects. Furthermore, we examined if these evocative effects remain after controlling for parental ADHD symptoms. Sensitivity analyses across age, sex, and socioeconomic status (SES) as well as restricting ancestry groups to European only ancestry were also conducted. Results indicated that youth ADHD PGS reliably predicted youth ADHD symptoms across all models (βs ranging from 0.18 to 0.26), including across age, sex, and SES and held even with ancestry restricted to the largest group (northern European). Evocative effects emerged such that higher youth PGS significantly predicted more youth ADHD symptoms, which in turn, significantly predicted lower levels of parental involvement and higher levels of poor supervision/monitoring and inconsistent discipline. These effects remained after controlling for parent ADHD symptoms.
| S-EPMC10560546 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesFirst, to investigate whether specific manic symptoms in preschool predict manic symptom severity in adolescence. Second, to investigate the interaction between family history (FH) of bipolar disorder (BP) and preschool manic symptoms in predicting later adolescent manic symptom severity.MethodsThis analysis utilized data from the Preschool Depression Study (PDS) which followed 306 preschoolers aged 3-6 years over time since 2003. Only subjects who had data both at baseline (age 3-6 years) and at or after age 12 were included (n = 122). Baseline manic symptom severity scores and diagnoses were assessed by the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment (PAPA). Manic symptoms severity at age ≥12 was assessed by the Kiddie Mania Rating Scale (KMRS). FH were ascertained by Family Interview for Genetic Studies (FIGS). Multilevel models of KMRS total score at age ≥12 by preschool mania symptoms with gender, baseline age, baseline ADHD, as well as baseline MDD diagnosis as covariates, and false discovery rate correction were used in statistical analysis.ResultsHypertalkativity, flight of ideas, uninhibited gregariousness, decreased need for sleep (DNFS), and increased motor pressure/ motor activity/ energy in preschool were associated with increased KMRS score at age ≥12. Racing thoughts, inappropriate laughing, and DNFS in early childhood were associated with higher manic symptoms in adolescence in subjects with FH of BP compared to those without FH.ConclusionThe longitudinal clinical importance of displaying manic symptoms (racing thoughts, inappropriate laughing, and DNFS) in early childhood varies by FH. Among the aforementioned symptoms, DNFS was a robust predictor of later manic symptoms. Assessing FH of BP is very important in clinical risk prediction from early childhood.
| S-EPMC8169556 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: Children are a vulnerable population following a natural disaster, due to their age and dependence on adults. The primary presenting problem children report after disasters is posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Prior research suggests that PTSS is inversely related to social support, which is often disrupted after a disaster. Objective: This study examined the relationship between social support (from parents, teachers, and peers) and PTSS in children affected by Hurricane Katrina. The research contributes to the literature by examining the mechanisms that drive this relationship over time. Methods: In this study, 426 children were followed over four timepoints, beginning 3-7 months after Hurricane Katrina and concluding 25-27 months post-hurricane. Three path models analysed the relationship between social support (from parents, teachers, and peers, measured by the Social Support Scale for Children) and PTSS (measured by the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index). Covariates included child age, minority status, gender, perceived life threat, and actual life threat. Nonsignificant paths were trimmed from the final models. Global fit indices were examined to determine model fit. Results: In the parent and peer social support models, PTSS exhibited statistically significant effects on social support from one wave to the next. In the teacher model, this was only true between Waves 2 and 3. Social support showed a statistically significant effect on PTSS between Wave 2 and Wave 3 in the peer model (standardized estimate = -0.26, p < .0001). No paths from social support to PTSS were significant in the parent and teacher models. Conclusion: Findings support a social selection model in which PTSS undermine social support, particularly in the first two years post-disaster. If these findings are replicated, this suggests that, in cases of limited funding, PTSS should be prioritized, given their cascading effects on social support.
| S-EPMC5912434 | biostudies-other
Project description:The dramatic increase in diagnostic rates of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents in the USA has led to an intense interest in the phenomenology of the disorder. Here we present data from a newly-developed instrument to assess episodic mania-like symptoms in youth in a large population-based sample (N?=?5326) using parent- and self-report. We found that a substantial proportion of children screened positive for having episodes of "going high" and were at an increased risk for morbidity and impairment. Using factor analysis, we identified that episodic mania-like symptoms comprised two dimensions: An under-controlled dimension that was associated with significant impairment, and a low-risk exuberant dimension. Using latent class analysis, we identified a small group of children scoring high on a range of manic symptoms and suffering from severe psychosocial impairment and morbidity. Our results carry implications for the nosology and psychosocial impairment associated with episodic mood changes in young people.
| S-EPMC3161193 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveHistorically marginalized groups are likely to be exposed to social adversity, which predicts important mental health outcomes (e.g., depression). Despite the well-established relationship between adversity and poor health, few studies have examined how adversity differentially predicts mental health among people living with multiple, co-occurring marginalized identities or statuses. The current study fills this gap by examining whether relationships between social adversity and depressive symptoms differed between those living with or without a stigmatized disease (i.e., HIV) and/or marginalized racial/ethnic identity (i.e., African American).MethodA community sample of men and women (N = 149) completed questionnaires assessing demographics and depressive symptoms. Additionally, a composite index of social adversity was derived from measures of perceived discrimination, socioeconomic status, financial restriction to receiving medical care, and perceived neighborhood characteristics. Multiple regression was used to test whether relationships between adversity and depressive symptoms differed as a function of HIV status and racial/ethnic identity.ResultsA significant 3-way interaction between social adversity, HIV status, and racial/ethnic identity indicated that there was a direct relationship between adversity and depressive symptoms for HIV-positive (HIV+) African Americans but not for HIV-negative (HIV-) African Americans, HIV+ Caucasians, or HIV- Caucasians. Further, HIV+ African Americans evidenced a significantly greater relationship between adversity and depressive symptoms compared with HIV- African Americans, but not compared with other groups.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that HIV+ African Americans may be at risk for higher depressive symptoms amid adversity, highlighting the importance of evaluating intersectional identities/statuses in the context of mental health. (PsycINFO Database Record
| S-EPMC5269451 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundInflammation has been hypothesized to contribute to reward dysfunction across psychiatric conditions, but little is known about this relationship in youth. Therefore, the present study investigated the associations between general and specific markers of inflammation and neural activation during reward processing, including anticipation and attainment, in youth with diverse psychiatric symptoms.MethodsForty-six psychotropic medication-free youth with diverse psychiatric symptoms underwent a blood draw to measure 41 cytokines, as well as structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging. The Reward Flanker Task examined neural activation during reward anticipation and attainment. Relationships between inflammation and neural activation were assessed using data reduction techniques across the whole-brain, as well as in specific reward regions of interest (basal ganglia, anterior and mid-cingulate cortex [ACC/MCC]).ResultsWhole-brain principal component analyses showed that factor 3 (12 cytokines: FGF-2, Flt3-L, fractalkine, GM-CSF, IFN-α2, IFN-γ, IL-3, IL-4, IL-7, IL-17A, MDC, and VEGF) was negatively correlated with precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex activity during anticipation. Factor 2 (11 cytokines: eotaxin, IL-1α, IL-1Rα, IL-2, IL-5, IL-9, IL-12p40, IL-13, IL-15, MCP-3, and TNF-β) was negatively correlated with angular gyrus activity during attainment. ROI analyses additionally showed that multiple cytokines were related to activity in the basal ganglia (EGF, FGF-2, Flt-3L, IL-2, IL-13, IL-15, IL-1Rα, MCP-3) and ACC/MCC (Flt-3L) during attainment. C-reactive protein (CRP) was not associated with neural activation.ConclusionsInvestigation of specific markers of immune function showed associations between inflammatory processes and activation of posterior default mode network, prefrontal cortex, and basal ganglia regions during multiple phases of reward processing.
| S-EPMC6660409 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundLoneliness and social isolation are increasingly recognised as prevalent among people with mental health problems, and as potential targets for interventions to improve quality of life and outcomes, as well as for preventive strategies. Understanding the relationship between quality and quantity of social relationships and a range of mental health conditions is a helpful step towards development of such interventions.PurposeOur aim was to give an overview of associations between constructs related to social relationships (including loneliness and social isolation) and diagnosed mental conditions and mental health symptoms, as reported in systematic reviews of observational studies.MethodsFor this umbrella review (systematic review of systematic reviews) we searched five databases (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science) and relevant online resources (PROSPERO, Campbell Collaboration, Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence Synthesis Journal). We included systematic reviews of studies of associations between constructs related to social relationships and mental health diagnoses or psychiatric symptom severity, in clinical or general population samples. We also included reviews of general population studies investigating the relationship between loneliness and risk of onset of mental health problems.ResultsWe identified 53 relevant systematic reviews, including them in a narrative synthesis. We found evidence regarding associations between (i) loneliness, social isolation, social support, social network size and composition, and individual-level social capital and (ii) diagnoses of mental health conditions and severity of various mental health symptoms. Depression (including post-natal) and psychosis were most often reported on, with few systematic reviews on eating disorders or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and only four related to anxiety. Social support was the most commonly included social construct. Our findings were limited by low quality of reviews and their inclusion of mainly cross-sectional evidence.ConclusionGood quality evidence is needed on a wider range of social constructs, on conditions other than depression, and on longitudinal relationships between social constructs and mental health symptoms and conditions.
| S-EPMC10478264 | biostudies-literature