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Proteomic and Transcriptomic Analyses of Swine Pathogen Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Reveal Virulence Repertoire.

ABSTRACT: E. rhusiopathiae is the causative agent of erysipelas in animals and erysipeloid in humans, but its pathogenicity is poorly understood. To identify virulence factors associated with E. rhusiopathiae and screen engineered vaccine candidates, we used proteomics and transcriptomics to compare the highly virulent strain HX130709 with an isogenic avirulent derivative, HX130709a. 1,299 proteins and 1,673 transcribed genes were identified and 1,292 of the proteins could be associated with genes. In a comparison between HX130907 and HX130709a, 168 proteins and 475 genes exhibited differences in regulation level. Among these, levels for 61 proteins and transcripts were positively or negatively correlated. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis suggests that many of the down-regulated proteins in the attenuated strain have catalytic or binding functions. Potential protein-protein interactions suggest that some of the down-regulated proteins may regulate PTS, GMP synthase and ribosomal proteins. Morphological results showed that HX130709 and HX130709a have similar colony and capsule morphology. Growth curves and pyruvate measurements suggest that TCA cycle and saccharide phosphorylation levels were decreased and gluconeogenesis was increased in HX130709a. Our study confirms that SpaA and neuraminidase, but not hyaluronidase and capsule, are associated with virulence in E. rhusiopathiae. We conclude that the virulence of E. rhusiopathiae may be associated with slow reactions of the TCA cycle and down-regulation of selected proteins.

SUBMITTER: Li Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4968806 | biostudies-literature | 2016

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Proteomic and Transcriptomic Analyses of Swine Pathogen Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Reveal Virulence Repertoire.

Li Yufeng Y Zou Yao Y Xia Yuting Y Bai Juan J Wang Xianwei X Jiang Ping P

PloS one 20160801 8

E. rhusiopathiae is the causative agent of erysipelas in animals and erysipeloid in humans, but its pathogenicity is poorly understood. To identify virulence factors associated with E. rhusiopathiae and screen engineered vaccine candidates, we used proteomics and transcriptomics to compare the highly virulent strain HX130709 with an isogenic avirulent derivative, HX130709a. 1,299 proteins and 1,673 transcribed genes were identified and 1,292 of the proteins could be associated with genes. In a c ...[more]

PMID: 27479071

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Project description:Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a small, facultatively aerobic, gram-positive bacterium that causes erysipelas in swine and a wide spectrum of diseases in other animals, as well as the skin disease erysipeloid in humans. Swine erysipelas caused by E. rhusiopathiae is the most prevalent and economically important of these diseases. In China, swine erysipelas has emerged at an alarming rate, developing from scattered occurrences on a small number of farms to systemic outbreaks since 2012 in many provinces, thereby inflicting large financial losses. Some virulence factors of E. rhusiopathiae have been identified. The capsule is considered essential for resistance to phagocytosis and bacterial virulence. Neuraminidase plays a crucial role in initiating adhesion to endothelial cells. Two surface-adhesion proteins (RspA and RspB) participate in the initiation of biofilm formation by binding to abiotic and biotic surfaces. SpaA is involved in the adhesion of E. rhusiopathiae to porcine endothelial cells. Nevertheless, very little is known about the pathogenesis of E. rhusiopathiae. This knowledge gap has become one of the most important obstacles to controlling infection. Thus, the identification of novel virulence factors is necessary to improve understanding of the pathogenesis of E. rhusiopathiae.Surface proteins of gram-positive bacteria play a critical role in virulence by modifying the environment surrounding the cell. Furthermore, for many bacteria, surface proteins are candidate antigens for subunit vaccines. The examination of bacterial surface-protein fractions, including cell wall-associated proteins (CWPs), is an effective method for identifying novel virulence factors. One proteomic approach involves isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation (iTRAQ) coupled to liquid chromatography (LC)-quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS/MS). This method has been widely used for the comparative quantitative analysis of bacterial proteomes. In this study, iTRAQ combined with LC-MS/MS was applied to compare differentially abundant CWPs of high- and low-virulence strains of E. rhusiopathiae. Proteins with higher abundance in the high-virulence strain were found to aid in predicting potential virulence factors to improve vaccines or disease-control strategies.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Muskoxen are a key species of Arctic ecosystems and are important for food security and socio-economic well-being of many Indigenous communities in the Arctic and Subarctic. Between 2009 and 2014, the bacterium Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was isolated for the first time in this species in association with multiple mortality events in Canada and Alaska, raising questions regarding the spatiotemporal occurrence of the pathogen and its potential impact on muskox populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS:We adapted a commercial porcine E. rhusiopathiae enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to test 958 blood samples that were collected from muskoxen from seven regions in Alaska and the Canadian Arctic between 1976 and 2017. The cut-off between negative and positive results was established using mixture-distribution analysis, a data-driven approach. Based on 818 samples for which a serological status could be determined and with complete information, we calculated trends in sample seroprevalences in population time-series and compared them with population trends in the investigated regions. RESULTS:Overall, 219/818 (27.8%, 95% Confidence Interval: 24.7-31.0) samples were classified as positive for exposure to E. rhusiopathiae. There were large variations between years and regions. Seropositive animals were found among the earliest serum samples tested; 1976 in Alaska and 1991 in Canada. In Alaskan muskoxen, sample seroprevalence increased after 2000 and, in two regions, peak seroprevalences occurred simultaneously with population declines. In one of these regions, concurrent unusual mortalities were observed and E. rhusiopathiae was isolated from muskox carcasses. In Canada, there was an increase in sample seroprevalence in two muskox populations following known mortality events that had been attributed to E. rhusiopathiae. CONCLUSION:Our results indicate widespread exposure of muskoxen to E. rhusiopathiae in western Canada and Alaska. Although not new to the Arctic, we documented an increased exposure to the pathogen in several regions concurrent with population declines. Understanding causes for the apparent increased occurrence of this pathogen and its association with large scale mortality events for muskoxen is critical to evaluate the implications for wildlife and wildlife-dependent human populations in the Arctic.

Dataset Information

Proteomic and Transcriptomic Analyses of Swine Pathogen Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Reveal Virulence Repertoire.

Publications

Proteomic and Transcriptomic Analyses of Swine Pathogen Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Reveal Virulence Repertoire.

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