Dataset Information

Trajectories of Diabetes Medication Adherence and Hospitalization Risk: A Retrospective Cohort Study in a Large State Medicaid Program.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Numerous interventions are available to boost medication adherence, but the targeting of these interventions often relies on crude measures of poor adherence. Group-based trajectory models identify individuals with similar longitudinal prescription filling patterns. Identifying distinct adherence trajectories may be more useful for targeting interventions, although the association between adherence trajectories and clinical outcomes is unknown.

Objective

To examine the association between adherence trajectories for oral hypoglycemics and subsequent hospitalizations among diabetes patients.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Patients

A total of 16,256 Pennsylvania Medicaid enrollees, non-dually eligible for Medicare, initiating oral hypoglycemics between 2007 and 2009.

Main measures

We used group-based trajectory models to identify trajectories of oral hypoglycemics in the 12 months post-treatment initiation, using monthly proportion of days covered (PDC) as the adherence measure. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association between trajectories and time to first diabetes-related hospitalization/emergency department (ED) visits in the following year. We used the C-index to compare prediction performance between adherence trajectories and dichotomous cutpoints (annual PDC <80 vs. ?80 %).

Results

The mean annual PDC was 0.58 (SD 0.32). Seven trajectories were identified: perfect adherers (9 % of the cohort), nearly perfect adherers (31.4 %), moderate adherers (21.0 %), low adherers (11.0 %), late discontinuers (6.8 %), early discontinuers (9.7 %), and non-adherers with only one fill (11.1 %). Compared to perfect adherers, trajectories of moderate adherers (HR = 1.48, 95 % CI 1.25, 1.75), low adherers (HR = 1.51, 95 % CI 1.25, 1.83), and non-adherers with only one fill (HR = 1.35, 95 % CI 1.09, 1.67) had greater risk of diabetes-related hospitalizations/ED visits. Predictive accuracy was improved using trajectories compared to dichotomized cutpoints (C-index = 0.714 vs. 0.652).

Conclusions

Oral hypoglycemic treatment trajectories were highly variable in this large Medicaid cohort. Low and moderate adherers and those filling only one prescription had a modestly higher risk of hospitalizations/ED visits compared to perfect adherers. Trajectory models may be valuable in identifying specific non-adherence patterns for targeting interventions.

SUBMITTER: Lo-Ciganic WH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4978686 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Trajectories of Diabetes Medication Adherence and Hospitalization Risk: A Retrospective Cohort Study in a Large State Medicaid Program.

Lo-Ciganic Wei-Hsuan WH Donohue Julie M JM Jones Bobby L BL Perera Subashan S Thorpe Joshua M JM Thorpe Carolyn T CT Marcum Zachary A ZA Gellad Walid F WF

Journal of general internal medicine 20160526 9

<h4>Background</h4>Numerous interventions are available to boost medication adherence, but the targeting of these interventions often relies on crude measures of poor adherence. Group-based trajectory models identify individuals with similar longitudinal prescription filling patterns. Identifying distinct adherence trajectories may be more useful for targeting interventions, although the association between adherence trajectories and clinical outcomes is unknown.<h4>Objective</h4>To examine the ...[more]

PMID: 27229000

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Dataset Information

Trajectories of Diabetes Medication Adherence and Hospitalization Risk: A Retrospective Cohort Study in a Large State Medicaid Program.

Background

Objective

Design

Patients

Main measures

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Trajectories of Diabetes Medication Adherence and Hospitalization Risk: A Retrospective Cohort Study in a Large State Medicaid Program.

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