Prevalence, awareness, treatment, control of type 2 diabetes mellitus and risk factors in Chinese rural population: the RuralDiab study.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Liu X
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4980764 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Aug
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Prevalence, awareness, treatment, control of type 2 diabetes mellitus and risk factors in Chinese rural population: the RuralDiab study.
Liu Xiaotian X Li Yuqian Y Li Linlin L Zhang Luning L Ren Yongcheng Y Zhou Hao H Cui Lingling L Mao Zhenxing Z Hu Dongsheng D Wang Chongjian C
Scientific reports 20160811
The study aimed to investigate prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to explore potential risk factors in rural areas of China. A total of 16413 individuals aged 18-74 years in rural districts were recruited from the Rural Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (RuralDiab) study for the epidemiological research. Meanwhile, a meta-analysis including 7 published studies was conducted to validate the result of the cross-sectional study. The rates of crude and ...[more]
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Project description:BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus is an expanding global public health issue, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, awareness and control rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and assess its risk factors in elderly Chinese individuals.MethodsThe health screening data of 376,702 individuals aged ≥ 65 years in Wuhan, China, were collected to analyse the prevalence, awareness, and control rates of diabetes. Indices, including fasting plasma glucose and other biochemical indicators, were measured for all participants using standard methods at the central laboratory. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the key determinants of the prevalence, awareness, and control rates of diabetes.ResultsThe prevalence, awareness, and control rates of diabetes in the Chinese individuals aged ≥ 65 years were 18.80%, 77.14%, and 41.33%, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the prevalence, awareness, and control rates by gender. Factors associated with diabetes prevalence were age, body mass index (BMI), and central obesity; while those associated with awareness and control were gender, education level, marital status, physical activity, alcohol consumption, BMI, and central obesity.ConclusionsDiabetes is an important public health problem in the elderly in China. The awareness and control rates have improved, but overall remained poor. Therefore, effective measures to raise awareness and control the rates of diabetes should be undertaken to circumvent the growing disease burden in elderly Chinese people.
| S-EPMC9295461 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence, awareness, treatment and glycemic control of diabetes mellitus (DM) in a Chinese population. The findings from this study are expected to offer scientific evidence to better prevent and control the growing number of reported and untreated cases.A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Jiangsu, China. We recruited permanent residents over 18 years of age from eight towns in Jintan (JT) and six towns in Yangzhong (YZ) using a three-stage stratified cluster sampling method. The rates of DM prevalence, awareness, treatment and control as well as their related factors were analyzed.A total number of 15,404 people were entered into the analysis. The DM prevalence, awareness, treatment and control rates were 7.31%, 58.35%, 51.87% and 14.12%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that being female was positively related to prevalence (OR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.07-1.37), awareness (OR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.19-1.93), treatment (OR=1.48, 95% CI: 1.17-1.88) and control (OR=1.87, 95% CI: 1.30-2.67) of DM. Having a family history of diabetes was significantly correlated with DM risk (OR=1.86, 95% CI: 1.37-2.54) and increased awareness (OR=3.12, 95% CI: 2.19-4.47), treatment (OR=3.47, 95% CI: 2.45-4.90) and control (OR=1.81, 95% CI: 1.22-2.68) of DM. Former smoking status (OR=1.82, 95% CI: 1.23-2.71), overweight (OR=2.11, 95% CI: 1.72-2.60) and obesity (OR=3.46, 95% CI: 2.67-4.50) were related to the risk of DM. Additionally, we found current drinking status to be positively correlated with DM risk (OR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.01-1.66) and negatively correlated with DM awareness (OR=0.41, 95% CI: 0.29-0.59) and treatment (OR=0.41, 95% CI: 0.29-0.59). Our study highlights the high prevalence and inadequate awareness, treatment and control of DM in the Chinese population.Management and prevention of DM-related complications should be considered an essential strategy by governments and society. This study assessed the reasons why DM has been increasing and established the first step in determining where to start regarding preventative methods.
| S-EPMC4838266 | biostudies-other
Project description:Diabetes mellitus ranks high on the international health agenda as a global pandemic and as a threat to human health and global economies. A total of 10851 participants aged over 40 years were included in the cross-sectional analysis. This observational study analyzed the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and the awareness, treatment and glycemic control of diabetes in a rural Chinese population. Approximately 25% of middle-aged and elderly rural Chinese residents had diabetes in 2010-2011. The prevalence was higher with older age, dyslipidemia, higher body mass index and larger waist circumference. Among the subjects with diabetes, 40.3% were aware of their condition; 62.9% were receiving treatment, and 16.9% had controlled diabetes. Metformin was the majority oral antidiabetic drug treatment most often prescribed, for either monotherapy or combined therapy. These results indicate that diabetes has become an urgent public health problem in the Chinese rural population because of its high prevalence and low rates of awareness, treatment and control. The management and prevention of diabetes mellitus should be considered an essential strategy at the level of public health.
| S-EPMC5983453 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Diabetes is currently a crisis in sub-Saharan West Africa (SSWA) with dramatic implications for public health and national budgets prioritizing infectious diseases. There is limited recent literature about the prevalence, awareness, and risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in rural parts of SSWA. This study characterized T2D prevalence and risk factors for the rural Malian community of Nièna, which is situated in Mali's second-largest province of Sikasso. Between December 2020 and July 2021, a cross-sectional study of 412 participants was conducted in the Nièna community using clinical questionnaires and rapid diagnostic tests. Among 412 participants, there were 143 (34.7%) and 269 (65.3%) males and females, respectively. The overall prevalence of T2D in Nièna was 7.5% (31/412), and prevalence rates were 8.6% (23/269) and 5.6% (8/143) for females and males, respectively. Age, family history of diabetes, hypertension, waist circumference, and fetal macrosomia were significantly associated with T2D (p = 0.007, p < 0.001, p = 0.003, p = 0.013, and p < 0.001, respectively). Notably, 61.3% (19/31) of T2D subjects were unaware of their diabetic status before the study. Field surveys have considerable utility in driving T2D awareness in rural African settings.
| S-EPMC9987397 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveThis study estimated the burden and characterised the risk factors associated with diabetes and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in an undiagnosed rural population.DesignData for 36 960 participants from the Henan Rural Cohort baseline with undiagnosed diabetes were analysed. X2 test and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to test for association between risk factors and diabetes and IFG.ResultsWomen constituted 60.30% of the study participants, mean age of participants was 55.32±12.18 years, risk factors for diabetes and IFG were prevalent (75% dyslipidaemia, 57% overweight/obese, 50% central obesity and 18% metabolic syndrome). The prevalence of diabetes and IFG was 4.19% and 7.22%, respectively. Having a metabolic syndrome (adjusted OR (aOR) 4.7, 95% CI 4.27 to 5.33), dyslipidaemia (aOR 2.76, 95% CI 2.31 to 3.21), centrally obese (aOR 2.38, 95% CI 2.11 to 2.70), being overweight/obese (aOR 1.66, 95% CI 1.45 to 1.79) and a family history of diabetes (aOR 1.50, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.92) were associated with diabetes. These factors were also associated with IFG. Intake of high salt diet (aOR 1.16, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.32) and smoking (aOR 1.22, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.47; significant in men) were also associated with diabetes. Engaging in moderate physical activity (aOR 0.94, 95% CI 0.89 to 0.98) was noted to be negatively associated with diabetes.ConclusionDiabetes and IFG remain prevalent in Chinese population with obesity and dyslipidaemia being some of the most significant predictors. Regular physical activity and consumption of fruits and vegetables may be beneficial in keeping blood glucose level low.Trial registration numberChiCTR-OOC-15006699.
| S-EPMC6686996 | biostudies-literature
Project description:With the development of data mining, machine learning offers opportunities to improve discrimination by analyzing complex interactions among massive variables. To test the ability of machine learning algorithms for predicting risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a rural Chinese population, we focus on a total of 36,652 eligible participants from the Henan Rural Cohort Study. Risk assessment models for T2DM were developed using six machine learning algorithms, including logistic regression (LR), classification and regression tree (CART), artificial neural networks (ANN), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF) and gradient boosting machine (GBM). The model performance was measured in an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and area under precision recall curve. The importance of variables was identified based on each classifier and the shapley additive explanations approach. Using all available variables, all models for predicting risk of T2DM demonstrated strong predictive performance, with AUCs ranging between 0.811 and 0.872 using laboratory data and from 0.767 to 0.817 without laboratory data. Among them, the GBM model performed best (AUC: 0.872 with laboratory data and 0.817 without laboratory data). Performance of models plateaued when introduced 30 variables to each model except CART model. Among the top-10 variables across all methods were sweet flavor, urine glucose, age, heart rate, creatinine, waist circumference, uric acid, pulse pressure, insulin, and hypertension. New important risk factors (urinary indicators, sweet flavor) were not found in previous risk prediction methods, but determined by machine learning in our study. Through the results, machine learning methods showed competence in predicting risk of T2DM, leading to greater insights on disease risk factors with no priori assumption of causality.
| S-EPMC7064542 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe study aimed to investigate the independent and combined effects of midpoint of sleep and night sleep duration on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in areas with limited resources.MethodsA total of 37,276 participants (14,456 men and 22,820 women) were derived from the Henan Rural Cohort Study. Sleep information was assessed based on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Logistic regression models and restricted cubic splines were used to estimate the relationship of the midpoint of sleep and night sleep duration with T2DM.ResultsOf the 37,276 included participants, 3580 subjects suffered from T2DM. The mean midpoint of sleep among the Early, Intermediate and Late groups were 1:05 AM ±23 min, 1:56 AM ±14 min, and 2:57 AM ±34 min, respectively. Compared to the Intermediate group, adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of T2DM were 1.13 (1.04-1.22) and 1.14 (1.03-1.26) in the Early group and the Late group. Adjusted OR (95% CI) for T2DM compared with the reference (7- h) was 1.28 (1.08-1.51) for longer (≥ 10 h) night sleep duration. The combination of late midpoint of sleep and night sleep duration (≥ 9 h) increased 38% (95% CI 10-74%) prevalence of T2DM. These associations were more obvious in women than men.ConclusionsLate and early midpoint of sleep and long night sleep duration were all associated with higher prevalence of T2DM. Meanwhile, midpoint of sleep and night sleep duration might have combined effects on the prevalence of T2DM, which provided potential health implications for T2DM prevention, especially in rural women.Trial registrationThe Henan Rural Cohort Study has been registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Register (Registration number: ChiCTR-OOC-15006699 ). Date of registration: 2015-07-06.
| S-EPMC8106181 | biostudies-literature
Project description:(1) Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common health problem in Saudi Arabia, causing a huge burden for individuals, families, and communities. The objectives of the current study were to determine the prevalence and risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus among a semi-urban population of Saudi Arabia. (2) Research methods: The research design was cross-sectional, and the research was conducted in five primary health care centers (PHCC) in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia. The sample size was calculated as 353. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data after obtaining ethical approval. Blood samples were taken to assess glucose levels and other variables. SPSS version 21 was used to analyze data. (3) Results: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus was 34.6%. The disease was more prevalent among the older respondents compared with the younger age groups (44.6% versus 15.6%). We found that females acquire the disease at a slightly higher rate than males (34.9% versus 34.2%), but this difference is not statistically significant. The sociodemographic risk factors of the disease were as follows: old age (44%), business and private occupation (38.5%), divorced or widowed (56.3%), and low income (42.4%). The health behaviors factors were as follows: overweight or obese status (42.3%), high triglycerides (TG) (43.4%), low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (37.3%), and high total cholesterol (23.7%). There was a statistically significant difference in these risk factors between patients with and without diabetes. (4) Conclusion: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among the semi-urban population of Saudi Arabia is high. The disease is more prevalent among elderly respondents and is associated with obesity, high TG, low HDL, and high total cholesterol.
| S-EPMC6981763 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The awareness, treatment and control of diabetes mellitus (DM) can effectively reflect on the social status of diabetes conditions. Although several researchers have investigated the awareness, treatment and control rates of diabetes mellitus in China, little is known about their association with risk factors. This study aims to examine the relationship between risk factors and awareness, treatment and control of diabetes mellitus in northeast China.A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2012. Multistage stratified random cluster sampling design was used to select participants aged 18 to 79 years old. The analysis was based on a representative sample of 1,854 adult subjects. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine socio-demographic factors associated with the levels of awareness, treatment and control of diabetes mellitus.The awareness, treatment, and control rates of diabetes mellitus were 64.1%, 52.9% and 44.2%, respectively. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, family history of diabetes was significantly positively associated with awareness (OR, 2.145; 95% CI, 1.600-2.875) and treatment (OR, 2.021; 95% CI, 1.559-2.619) of diabetes mellitus, while negatively associated with control (OR, 0.671; 95% CI, 0.529-0.951). Cigarette smokers and alcohol drinkers were less likely than non-smokers and non-drinkers to be aware of their blood glucose levels (OR, 0.895, 0.614; 95% CI, 0.659-1.216, 0.446-0.844, respectively). Participants who frequently exercise were more likely to be aware of their diabetic conditions than people who never or rarely exercise (OR, 2.003; 95% CI, 1.513-2.651).We found that the awareness and treatment of diabetes mellitus were positively associated with age and were high in participants with a family history of diabetes and those who exercise frequently, but low for cigarette smokers and alcohol drinkers. Participants with a family history of diabetes had their diabetic condition poorly controlled.
| S-EPMC4113441 | biostudies-other
Project description:BACKGROUND:Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder which accounts for high morbidity and mortality due to complications like renal failure, amputations, cardiovascular disease, and cerebrovascular events. METHODS:We collected medical reports, lifestyle details, and blood samples of individuals and used the polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection reaction method to genotype the SNPs, and a visit was conducted in August 2016 to obtain the incidence of Type 2 diabetes in the 2113 eligible people. To explore which genes and environmental factors are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Chinese Han population, we used elastic net to build a model, which is to explain which variables are strongly associated with T2DM, rather than predict the occurrence of T2DM. RESULT:The genotype of the additive of rs964184, together with the history of hypertension, regular intake of meat and waist circumference, increased the risk of T2DM (adjusted OR?=?2.38, p?=?0.042; adjusted OR?=?3.31, p?<?0.001; adjusted OR?=?1.05, p?<?0.001). The TT genotype of the additive and recessive models of rs12654264, the CC genotype of the additive and dominant models of rs2065412, the TT genotype of the additive and dominant models of rs4149336, together with the degree of education, regular exercise, reduced the risk of T2DM (adjusted OR?=?0.46, p?=?0.017; adjusted OR?=?0.53, p?=?0.021; adjusted OR?=?0.59, p?=?0.021; adjusted OR?=?0.57, p?=?0.01; adjusted OR?=?0.59, p?=?0.021; adjusted OR?=?0.57, p?=?0.01; adjusted OR?=?0.50, p?=?0.007; adjusted OR?=?0.80, p?=?0.032) . CONCLUSION:Eventually we identified a set of SNPs and environmental factors: rs5805 in the SLC12A3, rs12654264 in the HMGCR, rs2065412 and rs414936 in the ABCA1, rs96418 in the ZPR1 gene, waistline, degree of education, exercise frequency, hypertension, and the intake of meat. Although there was no interaction between these variables, people with two risk factors had a higher risk of T2DM than those only having one factor. These results provide the theoretical basis for gene and other risk factors screening to prevent T2DM.
| S-EPMC7325035 | biostudies-literature