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Notch4+ cancer stem-like cells promote the metastatic and invasive ability of melanoma.

ABSTRACT: Sphere formation in conditioned serum-free culture medium supplemented with epidermal growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor (tumorospheres) is considered useful for the enrichment of cancer stem-like cells, also known as tumor-initiating cells. We used a gene expression microarray to investigate the gene expression profile of melanoma cancer stem-like cells (MCSLCs). The results showed that MCSLCs highly expressed the following Notch signaling pathway molecules: Notch3 (NM_008716), Notch4 (NM_010929), Dtx4 (NM_172442), and JAG2 (NM_010588). Immunofluorescence staining showed tumorosphere cells highly expressed Notch4. Notch4(high) B16F10 cells were isolated by FACS, and Western blotting showed that high Notch4 expression is related to the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated proteins. Reduced invasive and migratory properties concomitant with the downregulation of the EMT markers Twist1, vimentin, and VE-cadherin and the overexpression of E-cadherin was observed in human melanoma A375 and MUM-2B cells. In these cells, Notch4 was also downregulated, both by Notch4 gene knockdown and by application of the ?-secretase inhibitor, DAPT. Mechanistically, the re-overexpression of Twist1 by the transfection of cells with a Twist1 expression plasmid led to an increase in VE-cadherin expression and a decrease in E-cadherin expression. Immunohistochemical analysis of 120 human melanoma tissues revealed a significant correlation between the high expression of Notch4 and the metastasis of melanoma. Taken together, our findings indicate that Notch4+ MCSLCs trigger EMT and promote the metastasis of melanoma cells.

SUBMITTER: Lin X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4982579 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Notch4+ cancer stem-like cells promote the metastatic and invasive ability of melanoma.

Lin Xian X Sun Baocun B Zhu Dongwang D Zhao Xiulan X Sun Ran R Zhang Yanhui Y Zhang Danfang D Dong Xueyi X Gu Qiang Q Li Yanlei Y Liu Fang F

Cancer science 20160628 8

Sphere formation in conditioned serum-free culture medium supplemented with epidermal growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor (tumorospheres) is considered useful for the enrichment of cancer stem-like cells, also known as tumor-initiating cells. We used a gene expression microarray to investigate the gene expression profile of melanoma cancer stem-like cells (MCSLCs). The results showed that MCSLCs highly expressed the following Notch signaling pathway molecules: Notch3 (NM_008716), No ...[more]

PMID: 27234159

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Project description:BackgroundBone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have been identified to be closely associated with cancer progression. Our previous experimental results showed that BM-MSCs promote tumor growth and metastasis of gastric cancer through paracrine-soluble cytokines or exosomes. However, the elements that affect the role of BM-MSCs in promoting tumor metastasis are not clear. It is known that thrombocytosis in cancer patients is very common. Recently, platelets are recognized to play a critical role in tumor progression.PurposeThis study aims to observe the effect of BM-MSCs which were co-cultured with platelets on tumor cell metastasis.MethodsPlatelet aggregation rate and the expression of P-selectin of platelets co-incubated with conditioned medium of SGC-7901 cells and BM-MSCs were detected by flow cytometry and platelet aggregometer. We also analyzed the change of BM-MSCs after co-incubation with platelets or platelets which were treated with SGC-7901 cells using transwell assay and Western blot analysis. The proliferation and migration ability and expression of VEGF, c-Myc, and sall-4 in SGC-7901 cells treated with medium of BM-MSCs which were co-cultured with platelets were detected. SGC-7901 cells were injected into Balb/c nude mice and the extent of lung metastasis was observed. Both in vitro and in vivo assays were used to analyze the effect of platelets on enhancing the ability of BM-MSCs to promote cancer metastasis.ResultsResults suggested that BM-MSCs and tumor cells can promote platelet aggregation rate and the expression of P-selectin. The protein levels of ?-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, and fibroblast activation protein in BM-MSCs were higher after co-incubation with platelets, and SB431542 was used to confirm the effect of TGF-? on transdifferentiation of BM-MSCs into cancer-associated fibroblasts. Medium of BM-MSCs treated with platelets enhanced the proliferation and migration ability of SGC-7901 cells. More lung metastases were found in mice which were injected with SGC-7901 cells treated with conditioned medium from BM-MSCs co-incubated with platelets.ConclusionTumor cells and BM-MSCs activate platelets which can change the characteristics of BM-MSCs through secretion of TGF-?. Moreover, we found that platelets enhanced the effect of BM-MSCs on tumor metastasis, which suggested a potential target and approach for gastric cancer therapy.

Project description:Although CD133 is a representative cancer stem cell marker, its function in tumor aggressiveness under hypoxia remains unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the associations between CD133, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and distant metastasis in colorectal cancer. CD133+ and CD133- cells were isolated from a single colorectal cancer cell line LoVo, and their adhesive and migratory properties were compared under hypoxic conditions. Immunostaining analysis was performed to determine CD133 expression in clinical samples of primary tumors, as well as liver and peritoneal metastases. Under hypoxia, the expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers N-cadherin and vimentin were significantly higher in the CD133+ compared with those in the CD133- cells. Furthermore, the migratory ability of the CD133+ cells was higher compared with that of the CD133- cells under hypoxia. By contrast, the expression levels of β1 integrin were significantly lower in the CD133+ cells under hypoxia compared with those in the CD133- cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of clinical samples revealed that the levels of CD133 expression in metastatic tissues from the liver were significantly higher compared with those in the corresponding primary tumors, whereas CD133 expression levels in peritoneal metastatic tissues were significantly lower compared with those in the corresponding primary tumors. In conclusion, compared with the CD133- cells, the CD133+ colorectal cancer cells exhibited enhanced levels of HIF-1α expression and tumor cell migration during hypoxia. This was associated with an increased ability of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, possibly leading to the acquisition of an increased hematogenous metastatic potential and eventually resulting in liver metastasis. High β1 integrin expression levels in the CD133- cells under hypoxia may serve a key role in cell adhesion to the peritoneum, resulting in peritoneal metastasis.

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Notch4+ cancer stem-like cells promote the metastatic and invasive ability of melanoma.

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Notch4+ cancer stem-like cells promote the metastatic and invasive ability of melanoma.

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