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Gene duplication confers enhanced expression of 27-kDa ?-zein for endosperm modification in quality protein maize.


ABSTRACT: The maize opaque2 (o2) mutant has a high nutritional value but it develops a chalky endosperm that limits its practical use. Genetic selection for o2 modifiers can convert the normally chalky endosperm of the mutant into a hard, vitreous phenotype, yielding what is known as quality protein maize (QPM). Previous studies have shown that enhanced expression of 27-kDa ?-zein in QPM is essential for endosperm modification. Taking advantage of genome-wide association study analysis of a natural population, linkage mapping analysis of a recombinant inbred line population, and map-based cloning, we identified a quantitative trait locus (q?27) affecting expression of 27-kDa ?-zein. q?27 was mapped to the same region as the major o2 modifier (o2 modifier1) on chromosome 7 near the 27-kDa ?-zein locus. q?27 resulted from a 15.26-kb duplication at the 27-kDa ?-zein locus, which increases the level of gene expression. This duplication occurred before maize domestication; however, the gene structure of q?27 appears to be unstable and the DNA rearrangement frequently occurs at this locus. Because enhanced expression of 27-kDa ?-zein is critical for endosperm modification in QPM, q?27 is expected to be under artificial selection. This discovery provides a useful molecular marker that can be used to accelerate QPM breeding.

SUBMITTER: Liu H 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4983849 | biostudies-literature | 2016 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Gene duplication confers enhanced expression of 27-kDa γ-zein for endosperm modification in quality protein maize.

Liu Hongjun H   Shi Junpeng J   Sun Chuanlong C   Gong Hao H   Fan Xingming X   Qiu Fazhan F   Huang Xuehui X   Feng Qi Q   Zheng Xixi X   Yuan Ningning N   Li Changsheng C   Zhang Zhiyong Z   Deng Yiting Y   Wang Jiechen J   Pan Guangtang G   Han Bin B   Lai Jinsheng J   Wu Yongrui Y  

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20160418 18


The maize opaque2 (o2) mutant has a high nutritional value but it develops a chalky endosperm that limits its practical use. Genetic selection for o2 modifiers can convert the normally chalky endosperm of the mutant into a hard, vitreous phenotype, yielding what is known as quality protein maize (QPM). Previous studies have shown that enhanced expression of 27-kDa γ-zein in QPM is essential for endosperm modification. Taking advantage of genome-wide association study analysis of a natural popula  ...[more]

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