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Metabolomics of pulmonary exacerbations reveals the personalized nature of cystic fibrosis disease.

ABSTRACT: Background. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease that results in chronic infections of the lungs. CF patients experience intermittent pulmonary exacerbations (CFPE) that are associated with poor clinical outcomes. CFPE involves an increase in disease symptoms requiring more aggressive therapy. Methods. Longitudinal sputum samples were collected from 11 patients (n = 44 samples) to assess the effect of exacerbations on the sputum metabolome using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The data was analyzed with MS/MS molecular networking and multivariate statistics. Results. The individual patient source had a larger influence on the metabolome of sputum than the clinical state (exacerbation, treatment, post-treatment, or stable). Of the 4,369 metabolites detected, 12% were unique to CFPE samples; however, the only known metabolites significantly elevated at exacerbation across the dataset were platelet activating factor (PAF) and a related monacylglycerophosphocholine lipid. Due to the personalized nature of the sputum metabolome, a single patient was followed for 4.2 years (capturing four separate exacerbation events) as a case study for the detection of personalized biomarkers with metabolomics. PAF and related lipids were significantly elevated during CFPEs of this patient and ceramide was elevated during CFPE treatment. Correlating the abundance of bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicons to metabolomics data from the same samples during a CFPE demonstrated that antibiotics were positively correlated to Stenotrophomonas and Pseudomonas, while ceramides and other lipids were correlated with Streptococcus, Rothia, and anaerobes. Conclusions. This study identified PAF and other inflammatory lipids as potential biomarkers of CFPE, but overall, the metabolome of CF sputum was patient specific, supporting a personalized approach to molecular detection of CFPE onset.

SUBMITTER: Quinn RA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4991883 | biostudies-literature | 2016

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Metabolomics of pulmonary exacerbations reveals the personalized nature of cystic fibrosis disease.

Quinn Robert A RA Lim Yan Wei YW Mak Tytus D TD Whiteson Katrine K Furlan Mike M Conrad Douglas D Rohwer Forest F Dorrestein Pieter P

PeerJ 20160811

Background. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease that results in chronic infections of the lungs. CF patients experience intermittent pulmonary exacerbations (CFPE) that are associated with poor clinical outcomes. CFPE involves an increase in disease symptoms requiring more aggressive therapy. Methods. Longitudinal sputum samples were collected from 11 patients (n = 44 samples) to assess the effect of exacerbations on the sputum metabolome using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometr ...[more]

PMID: 27602256

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Project description:Pulmonary exacerbations lead to significant morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). National consensus guidelines exist, but few studies report current practice in the treatment and monitoring of pulmonary exacerbations. The goal of this study was to characterize consistency and variability in the inpatient management of CF-related pulmonary exacerbations. We focused on the use of guideline-recommended maintenance therapies, antibiotic selection and treatment regimens, use of systemic corticosteroids, and frequency of lung function testing. We hypothesized that significant variability in these treatment practices exists nationally. This trial was a retrospective cross-sectional study. It included patients with CF aged ≤18 years hospitalized for pulmonary exacerbations between July 1, 2010, and June 30, 2015, at hospitals within the US Pediatric Health Information System database that are also Cystic Fibrosis Foundation-accredited care centers. One exacerbation per patient was randomly selected over the 5-year study period. From 38 hospitals, 4827 individual pulmonary exacerbations were examined. Median length of stay was 10.0 days (interquartile range, 6-14.0 days). Significant variation was seen among centers in the use of hypertonic saline (11%-100%), azithromycin (5%-83%), and systemic corticosteroids (3%-61%) and in the frequency of lung function testing. Four different admission antibiotic regimens were used >10% of the time, and the most commonly used admission antibiotic regimen comprised 2 intravenous antibiotics with no additional oral or inhaled antibiotics (29%). Significant variation exists in the treatment and monitoring of pulmonary exacerbations across Pediatric Health Information System-participating, Cystic Fibrosis Foundation-accredited care centers. Results from this study can inform future research working toward standardized inpatient pulmonary exacerbation management to improve CF care for children and adolescents.

Project description:Acute pulmonary exacerbations are associated with progressive lung function decline and increased mortality in cystic fibrosis. The role of pulmonary vascular disease in pulmonary exacerbations is unknown. We aimed to assess the association between pulmonary artery enlargement (defined as pulmonary artery diameter to ascending aorta diameter [PA:A] ratio >1), a marker of pulmonary vascular disease, and exacerbations.In this cohort study, we used clinical, CT imaging, and prospective exacerbation data from a previous prospective clinical trial (derivation cohort) and from The Prince Charles Hospital (TPCH; Brisbane, QLD, Australia) cystic fibrosis registry (validation cohort). In our derivation cohort, we included adults aged 18 years or older with cystic fibrosis and at least one CFTR nonsense mutation, who were enrolled in the trial between Sept 8, 2009, and Nov 30, 2010, randomly assigned to receive placebo, and had baseline CT imaging. Our validation cohort included adult patients with cystic fibrosis who had CT imaging performed between Jan 1, 2002, and Dec 31, 2014. We measured the PA:A ratio at the level of the pulmonary artery bifurcation on CT scans. Patients in each cohort were separated into two groups on the basis of PA:A ratio (>1 or ?1) and were followed up for 1 year in the derivation cohort and 2 years in the validation cohort. The primary endpoint was the development of one or more acute pulmonary exacerbations during follow-up. We used linear and logistic regression models to determine associations between clinical factors, the PA:A ratio, and pulmonary exacerbations. We used Cox regression to determine the time to first exacerbation in the validation cohort.37 (50%) of 74 patients in the derivation cohort and 89 (47%) of 190 patients in the validation cohort had enlarged pulmonary arteries (PA:A>1). 50 (68%) patients in the derivation cohort had one or more exacerbations at 1 year and 133 (70%) patients in the validation cohort had one or more exacerbations at 2 years. At baseline, patients with pulmonary artery enlargement were younger than those without enlargement in both cohorts and had elevated sweat chloride concentrations in the derivation cohort (100·5 mmol/L [SD 10·9] vs 90·4 mmol/L [19·9]; difference 10·1 mmol/L [95% CI 2·5-17·7], p=0·017). Pulmonary artery enlargement was associated with exacerbations in the derivation cohort (odds ratio 3·49 [95% CI 1·18-10·3], p=0·023) when adjusted for sex, body-mass index (BMI), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and PA:A greater than 1, and in the validation cohort (2·41 [1·06-5·52], p=0·037) when adjusted for sex, BMI, chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, FEV1/FVC (forced vital capacity), PA:A greater than 1, and previous exacerbation. The time to first exacerbation was shorter in patients with enlarged pulmonary arteries than in those with normal-sized pulmonary arteries in the validation cohort (hazard ratio 1·66 [95% CI 1·18-2·34], p=0·0038) in unadjusted analysis, but not when adjusted for sex, BMI, exacerbations within 1 year before index CT scan, FEV1/FVC, and chronic P aeruginosa infection (1·14 [0·80-1·62], p=0·82).Pulmonary artery enlargement is prevalent in adult patients with cystic fibrosis and was associated with acute pulmonary exacerbation risk in two well characterised cohorts. The PA:A ratio could be a predictive marker in cystic fibrosis.US National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/National Institutes of Health, Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, and the Queensland Health Fellowship.

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Metabolomics of pulmonary exacerbations reveals the personalized nature of cystic fibrosis disease.

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Metabolomics of pulmonary exacerbations reveals the personalized nature of cystic fibrosis disease.

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