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Flight of the dragonflies and damselflies.

ABSTRACT: This work is a synthesis of our current understanding of the mechanics, aerodynamics and visually mediated control of dragonfly and damselfly flight, with the addition of new experimental and computational data in several key areas. These are: the diversity of dragonfly wing morphologies, the aerodynamics of gliding flight, force generation in flapping flight, aerodynamic efficiency, comparative flight performance and pursuit strategies during predatory and territorial flights. New data are set in context by brief reviews covering anatomy at several scales, insect aerodynamics, neuromechanics and behaviour. We achieve a new perspective by means of a diverse range of techniques, including laser-line mapping of wing topographies, computational fluid dynamics simulations of finely detailed wing geometries, quantitative imaging using particle image velocimetry of on-wing and wake flow patterns, classical aerodynamic theory, photography in the field, infrared motion capture and multi-camera optical tracking of free flight trajectories in laboratory environments. Our comprehensive approach enables a novel synthesis of datasets and subfields that integrates many aspects of flight from the neurobiology of the compound eye, through the aeromechanical interface with the surrounding fluid, to flight performance under cruising and higher-energy behavioural modes.This article is part of the themed issue 'Moving in a moving medium: new perspectives on flight'.

SUBMITTER: Bomphrey RJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4992713 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Flight of the dragonflies and damselflies.

Bomphrey Richard J RJ Nakata Toshiyuki T Henningsson Per P Lin Huai-Ti HT

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences 20160901 1704

This work is a synthesis of our current understanding of the mechanics, aerodynamics and visually mediated control of dragonfly and damselfly flight, with the addition of new experimental and computational data in several key areas. These are: the diversity of dragonfly wing morphologies, the aerodynamics of gliding flight, force generation in flapping flight, aerodynamic efficiency, comparative flight performance and pursuit strategies during predatory and territorial flights. New data are set ...[more]

PMID: 27528779

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Project description:A mermithid nematode was found parasitizing nymphs of dragonflies and damselflies. The host specimens were collected from the stream Cajaravilla, Magdalena, Buenos Aires state, Argentina. In this work, we described Amphimermis enzoni n. sp., a nematode new to science. Nematodes were identified through morphological and molecular methods. The combination of the following characters separates A. enzoni n. sp. from other members of the genus Amphimermis Steiner: long and S-shaped vagina, twisted spicules for proximal 34% of their length, untwisted for 12%, again twisted for 30%, and untwisted for the last 24%; genital papillae arranged in three rows, medial row marginally longer than sub-medial rows; medial row bifurcated immediately anterior and posterior to cloaca, with 111 genital papillae (73 pre-anals and 38 post-anals). The sequences of 18S rDNA regions from A. enzoni formed a well-supported monophyletic clade with two GenBank sequences of Amphimermis spp. (EF617354 and EF617355) with 0.63 to 1.26% divergence and two Mermithidae spp. (LC512371 and LC512370) with 0.63 to 1.1% divergence, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first example of mermithid infection in nymphs of dragonflies and damselflies for South America.A mermithid nematode was found parasitizing nymphs of dragonflies and damselflies. The host specimens were collected from the stream Cajaravilla, Magdalena, Buenos Aires state, Argentina. In this work, we described Amphimermis enzoni n. sp., a nematode new to science. Nematodes were identified through morphological and molecular methods. The combination of the following characters separates A. enzoni n. sp. from other members of the genus Amphimermis Steiner: long and S-shaped vagina, twisted spicules for proximal 34% of their length, untwisted for 12%, again twisted for 30%, and untwisted for the last 24%; genital papillae arranged in three rows, medial row marginally longer than sub-medial rows; medial row bifurcated immediately anterior and posterior to cloaca, with 111 genital papillae (73 pre-anals and 38 post-anals). The sequences of 18S rDNA regions from A. enzoni formed a well-supported monophyletic clade with two GenBank sequences of Amphimermis spp. (EF617354 and EF617355) with 0.63 to 1.26% divergence and two Mermithidae spp. (LC512371 and LC512370) with 0.63 to 1.1% divergence, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first example of mermithid infection in nymphs of dragonflies and damselflies for South America.

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Flight of the dragonflies and damselflies.

Publications

Flight of the dragonflies and damselflies.

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