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Inhaled alpha1-proteinase inhibitor therapy in patients with cystic fibrosis.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Inhaled alpha1-proteinase inhibitor (PI) is known to reduce neutrophil elastase burden in some patients with CF. This phase 2a study was designed to test inhaled Alpha-1 HC, a new aerosolized alpha1-PI formulation, in CF patients. METHODS:We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study and evaluated the safety of 100 or 200mg of inhaled Alpha-1 HC once daily for 3 weeks in subjects with CF. Thirty adult subjects were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive Alpha-1 HC or placebo. RESULTS:Drug delivery was confirmed by a dose-dependent increase in the sputum alpha1-PI. Seven (20.0%) of the 35 adverse events in the 100-mg dose group, 3 (13.0%) of 23 in the 200-mg dose group, and 4 (14.3%) of 28 in the placebo group were drug-related in these subjects. One serious adverse event occurred in 1 subject within each group. CONCLUSIONS:Alpha-1 HC inhalation was safe and well tolerated.

SUBMITTER: Gaggar A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4993024 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Inhaled alpha1-proteinase inhibitor therapy in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Gaggar Amit A Chen Junliang J Chmiel James F JF Dorkin Henry L HL Flume Patrick A PA Griffin Rhonda R Nichols David D Donaldson Scott H SH

Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society 20150828 2

<h4>Background</h4>Inhaled alpha1-proteinase inhibitor (PI) is known to reduce neutrophil elastase burden in some patients with CF. This phase 2a study was designed to test inhaled Alpha-1 HC, a new aerosolized alpha1-PI formulation, in CF patients.<h4>Methods</h4>We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study and evaluated the safety of 100 or 200mg of inhaled Alpha-1 HC once daily for 3 weeks in subjects with CF. Thirty adult subjects were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receiv ...[more]

PMID: 26321218

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Project description:BackgroundHuman alpha1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha1-PI), also known as antitrypsin, is the most abundant serine protease inhibitor (serpin) in plasma. Its deficiency is associated with development of progressive, ultimately fatal emphysema. Currently in the United States, alpha1-PI is available for replacement therapy as an FDA licensed plasma-derived (pd) product. However, the plasma source itself is limited; moreover, even with efficient viral inactivation steps used in manufacture of plasma products, the risk of contamination from emerging viruses may still exist. Therefore, recombinant alpha1-PI (r-alpha1-PI) could provide an attractive alternative. Although r-alpha1-PI has been produced in several hosts, protein stability in vitro and rapid clearance from the circulation have been major issues, primarily due to absent or altered glycosylation.ResultsWe have explored the possibility of expressing the gene for human alpha1-PI in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger (A. niger), a system reported to be capable of providing more "mammalian-like" glycosylation patterns to secretable proteins than commonly used yeast hosts. Our expression strategy was based on fusion of alpha1-PI with a strongly expressed, secreted leader protein (glucoamylase G2), separated by dibasic processing site (N-V-I-S-K-R) that provides in vivo cleavage. SDS-PAGE, Western blot, ELISA, and alpha1-PI activity assays enabled us to select the transformant(s) secreting a biologically active glycosylated r-alpha1-PI with yields of up to 12 mg/L. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) analysis further confirmed that molecular mass of the r-alpha1-PI was similar to that of the pd-alpha1-PI. In vitro stability of the r-alpha1-PI from A. niger was tested in comparison with pd-alpha1-PI reference and non-glycosylated human r-alpha1-PI from E. coli.ConclusionWe examined the suitability of the filamentous fungus A. niger for the expression of the human gene for alpha1-PI, a medium size glycoprotein of high therapeutic value. The heterologous expression of the human gene for alpha1-PI in A. niger was successfully achieved to produce the secreted mature human r-alpha1-PI in A. niger as a biologically active glycosylated protein with improved stability and with yields of up to 12 mg/L in shake-flask growth.

Project description:RationaleThe effectiveness and safety of aztreonam lysine for inhalation (AZLI) in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) on maintenance treatment for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) airway infection was evaluated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.ObjectivesTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of inhaled aztreonam lysine in controlling PA infection in patients with CF.MethodsAfter randomization and a 28-day course of tobramycin inhalation solution (TIS), patients (n = 211; > or =6 yr; > or =3 TIS courses within previous year; FEV(1) > or = 25% and < or =75% predicted values) were treated with 75 mg AZLI or placebo, twice or three times daily for 28 days, then monitored for 56 days. The primary efficacy endpoint was time to need for additional inhaled or intravenous antipseudomonal antibiotics. Secondary endpoints included changes in respiratory symptoms (CF Questionnaire-Revised [CFQ-R] Respiratory Scale), pulmonary function (FEV(1)), and sputum PA density. Adverse events and minimum inhibitory concentrations of aztreonam for PA were monitored.Measurements and main resultsAZLI treatment increased median time to need for additional antipseudomonal antibiotics for symptoms of pulmonary exacerbation by 21 days, compared with placebo (AZLI, 92 d; placebo, 71 d; P = 0.007). AZLI improved mean CFQ-R respiratory scores (5.01 points, P = 0.02), FEV(1) (6.3%, P = 0.001), and sputum PA density (-0.66 log(10) cfu/g, P = 0.006) compared with placebo; no AZLI dose-response was observed. Adverse events reported for AZLI and placebo were comparable and consistent with CF lung disease. Susceptibility of PA to aztreonam at baseline and end of therapy were similar.ConclusionsAZLI was effective in patients with CF using frequent TIS therapy. AZLI delayed time to need for inhaled or intravenous antipseudomonal antibiotics, improved respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function, and was well tolerated. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 00104520).

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Inhaled alpha1-proteinase inhibitor therapy in patients with cystic fibrosis.

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Inhaled alpha1-proteinase inhibitor therapy in patients with cystic fibrosis.

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