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A Genome-Wide Methylation Approach Identifies a New Hypermethylated Gene Panel in Ulcerative Colitis.

ABSTRACT: The cause of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still unknown, but there is growing evidence that environmental factors such as epigenetic changes can contribute to the disease etiology. The aim of this study was to identify newly hypermethylated genes in ulcerative colitis (UC) using a genome-wide DNA methylation approach. Using an Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array, we screened the DNA methylation changes in three normal colon controls and eight UC patients. Using these methylation profiles, 48 probes associated with CpG promoter methylation showed differential hypermethylation between UC patients and normal controls. Technical validations for methylation analyses in a larger series of UC patients (n = 79) were performed by methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and bisulfite sequencing analysis. We finally found that three genes (FAM217B, KIAA1614 and RIBC2) that were significantly elevating the promoter methylation levels in UC compared to normal controls. Interestingly, we confirmed that three genes were transcriptionally silenced in UC patient samples by qRT-PCR, suggesting that their silencing is correlated with the promoter hypermethylation. Pathway analyses were performed using GO and KEGG databases with differentially hypermethylated genes in UC. Our results highlight that aberrant hypermethylation was identified in UC patients which can be a potential biomarker for detecting UC. Moreover, pathway-enriched hypermethylated genes are possibly implicating important cellular function in the pathogenesis of UC. Overall, this study describes a newly hypermethylated gene panel in UC patients and provides new clinical information that can be used for the diagnosis and therapeutic treatment of IBD.

SUBMITTER: Kang K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5000688 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A Genome-Wide Methylation Approach Identifies a New Hypermethylated Gene Panel in Ulcerative Colitis.

Kang Keunsoo K Bae Jin-Han JH Han Kyudong K Kim Eun Soo ES Kim Tae-Oh TO Yi Joo Mi JM

International journal of molecular sciences 20160809 8

The cause of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still unknown, but there is growing evidence that environmental factors such as epigenetic changes can contribute to the disease etiology. The aim of this study was to identify newly hypermethylated genes in ulcerative colitis (UC) using a genome-wide DNA methylation approach. Using an Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array, we screened the DNA methylation changes in three normal colon controls and eight UC patients. Using these methylation p ...[more]

PMID: 27517910

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Project description:BackgroundAberrant DNA methylation profiles are a characteristic of all known cancer types, epitomized by the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) in colorectal cancer (CRC). Hypermethylation has been observed at CpG islands throughout the genome, but it is unclear which factors determine whether an individual island becomes methylated in cancer.MethodsDNA methylation in CRC was analysed using the Illumina HumanMethylation450K array. Differentially methylated loci were identified using Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM) and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank (WSR) test. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering was used to identify methylation subtypes in CRC.ResultsIn this study we characterized the DNA methylation profiles of 94 CRC tissues and their matched normal counterparts. Consistent with previous studies, unsupervized hierarchical clustering of genome-wide methylation data identified three subtypes within the tumour samples, designated CIMP-H, CIMP-L and CIMP-N, that showed high, low and very low methylation levels, respectively. Differential methylation between normal and tumour samples was analysed at the individual CpG level, and at the gene level. The distribution of hypermethylation in CIMP-N tumours showed high inter-tumour variability and appeared to be highly stochastic in nature, whereas CIMP-H tumours exhibited consistent hypermethylation at a subset of genes, in addition to a highly variable background of hypermethylated genes. EYA4, TFPI2 and TLX1 were hypermethylated in more than 90% of all tumours examined. One-hundred thirty-two genes were hypermethylated in 100% of CIMP-H tumours studied and these were highly enriched for functions relating to skeletal system development (Bonferroni adjusted p value =2.88E-15), segment specification (adjusted p value =9.62E-11), embryonic development (adjusted p value =1.52E-04), mesoderm development (adjusted p value =1.14E-20), and ectoderm development (adjusted p value =7.94E-16).ConclusionsOur genome-wide characterization of DNA methylation in colorectal cancer has identified 132 genes hypermethylated in 100% of CIMP-H samples. Three genes, EYA4, TLX1 and TFPI2 are hypermethylated in >90% of all tumour samples, regardless of CIMP subtype.

Project description:BackgroundUlcerative colitis (UC), a complex polygenic disorder, is one of the main subphenotypes of inflammatory bowel disease. A comprehensive dissection of the genetic etiology of UC needs to assess the contribution of rare genetic variants including copy number variations (CNVs) to disease risk. In this study, we performed a multi-step genome-wide case-control analysis to interrogate the presence of disease-relevant rare copy number variants.MethodsOne thousand one hundred twenty-one German UC patients and 1770 healthy controls were initially screened for rare deletions and duplications employing SNP-array data. Quantitative PCR and high density custom array-CGH were used for validation of identified CNVs and fine mapping. Two main follow-up panels consisted of an independent cohort of 451 cases and 1274 controls, in which CNVs were assayed through quantitative PCR, and a British cohort of 2396 cases versus 4886 controls with CNV genotypes based on array data. Additional sample sets were assessed for targeted and in silico replication.ResultsTwenty-four rare copy number variants (14 deletions and 10 duplications), overrepresented in UC patients were identified in the initial screening panel. Follow-up of these CNV regions in four independent case-control series as well as an additional public in silico control group (totaling 4439 UC patients and 15,961 healthy controls) revealed three copy number variants enriched in UC patients; a 15.8 kb deletion upstream of ABCC4 and CLDN10 at13q32.1 (0.43% cases, 0.11% controls), a 119 kb duplication at 7p22.1, overlapping RNF216, ZNF815, OCM and CCZ1 (0.13% cases, 0.01% controls) and a 134 kb large duplication upstream of the KCNK9 gene at 8q24.3 (0.22% carriers among cases, 0.03% carriers among controls). The trend of association with UC was present after the P-values were corrected for combining data from different subpopulations. Break-point mapping of the deleted region suggested non-allelic homologous recombination as the mechanism underlying its formation.ConclusionOur study presents a pragmatic approach for effective rare CNV screening of SNP-array data sets and implicates the potential contribution of rare structural variants in the pathogenesis of UC.

Dataset Information

A Genome-Wide Methylation Approach Identifies a New Hypermethylated Gene Panel in Ulcerative Colitis.

Publications

A Genome-Wide Methylation Approach Identifies a New Hypermethylated Gene Panel in Ulcerative Colitis.

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