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Broad autism spectrum and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in adults with the fragile X premutation.

ABSTRACT: Clinical observations and a limited number of research studies provide evidence that the fragile X premutation may confer risk for autism, executive dysfunction, and psychopathology. The link to autism spectrum symptoms and social cognition deficits with the premutation remains uncertain, and thus was the focus of the present investigation.Our sample included 131 individuals, 42 men/22 women with the FMR1 premutation (mean age = 31.83 ± 8.59 years) with a normal neurological exam, and 48 men/19 women healthy age-matched controls (mean age = 29.48 ± 7.29 years). Individuals completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery with additional assessments for social cognition, broad autism spectrum, and obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms.Premutation carriers self-reported higher rates of autism-related symptoms (Autism Quotient; p?=?.001). Among males only, premutation carriers showed more atypical social interaction (p?

SUBMITTER: Schneider A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5004987 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Broad autism spectrum and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in adults with the fragile X premutation.

Schneider A A Johnston C C Tassone F F Sansone S S Hagerman R J RJ Ferrer E E Rivera S M SM Hessl D D

The Clinical neuropsychologist 20160629 6

<h4>Objective</h4>Clinical observations and a limited number of research studies provide evidence that the fragile X premutation may confer risk for autism, executive dysfunction, and psychopathology. The link to autism spectrum symptoms and social cognition deficits with the premutation remains uncertain, and thus was the focus of the present investigation.<h4>Method</h4>Our sample included 131 individuals, 42 men/22 women with the FMR1 premutation (mean age = 31.83 ± 8.59 years) with a normal ...[more]

PMID: 27355445

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Project description:BackgroundSensory overresponsivity (SOR) has emerged as a potential endophenotype in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), but few studies have examined SOR in relation to the major symptom dimensions of OCD and to symptoms across the full obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptom spectrum.ObjectiveThis study had 2 main objectives. First, we examined the psychometric properties of the SOR Scales in a community-based sample of Spanish adolescents and adults. Second, we identified how SOR difficulties are related to symptoms across the full OC spectrum (eg, OC, body dysmorphic, hoarding, skin-picking, and hair-pulling symptoms), including the heterogeneity of OC symptoms.MethodsWe translated the SOR Scales into Spanish-a measure that assesses SOR across the 5 sensory modalities-and created a web-based version of the measure. A sample of 1454 adolescents and adults (mean age 23.84, SD 8.46 years) participated in the study, and 388 (26.69%) participants completed the survey twice (approximately 8 months apart). The survey also contained a web-based measure that assesses symptoms across the full OC spectrum: harm and checking, taboo obsessions, contamination or cleaning, symmetry and ordering, body dysmorphic, hoarding, hair-pulling, and skin-picking symptoms.ResultsThe psychometric properties of the SOR Scales were excellent, and the test-retest reliability was adequate. All types of SOR were related to all major symptom dimensions of OCD and to all OC spectrum symptoms.ConclusionsSOR across the sensory modalities can be validly assessed using a web-based measure. SOR emerged as a pure transdiagnostic phenomenon in relation to symptoms across the OC spectrum, with no specific sensory modality being more strongly related to OC symptoms. SOR can shed much needed light on basic mechanisms that are important for the onset and maintenance of OC spectrum symptoms, and this study shows that large-scale web-based studies can aid in this endeavor. Future studies should examine whether SOR precedes or emerges alongside OC symptoms.

Dataset Information

Broad autism spectrum and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in adults with the fragile X premutation.

Publications

Broad autism spectrum and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in adults with the fragile X premutation.

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