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Multimodality Molecular Imaging of Cardiac Cell Transplantation: Part I. Reporter Gene Design, Characterization, and Optical in Vivo Imaging of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells after Myocardial Infarction.

ABSTRACT: Purpose To use multimodality reporter-gene imaging to assess the serial survival of marrow stromal cells (MSC) after therapy for myocardial infarction (MI) and to determine if the requisite preclinical imaging end point was met prior to a follow-up large-animal MSC imaging study. Materials and Methods Animal studies were approved by the Institutional Administrative Panel on Laboratory Animal Care. Mice (n = 19) that had experienced MI were injected with bone marrow-derived MSC that expressed a multimodality triple fusion (TF) reporter gene. The TF reporter gene (fluc2-egfp-sr39ttk) consisted of a human promoter, ubiquitin, driving firefly luciferase 2 (fluc2), enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp), and the sr39tk positron emission tomography reporter gene. Serial bioluminescence imaging of MSC-TF and ex vivo luciferase assays were performed. Correlations were analyzed with the Pearson product-moment correlation, and serial imaging results were analyzed with a mixed-effects regression model. Results Analysis of the MSC-TF after cardiac cell therapy showed significantly lower signal on days 8 and 14 than on day 2 (P = .011 and P = .001, respectively). MSC-TF with MI demonstrated significantly higher signal than MSC-TF without MI at days 4, 8, and 14 (P = .016). Ex vivo luciferase activity assay confirmed the presence of MSC-TF on days 8 and 14 after MI. Conclusion Multimodality reporter-gene imaging was successfully used to assess serial MSC survival after therapy for MI, and it was determined that the requisite preclinical imaging end point, 14 days of MSC survival, was met prior to a follow-up large-animal MSC study. (©) RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

SUBMITTER: Parashurama N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5006716 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Multimodality Molecular Imaging of Cardiac Cell Transplantation: Part I. Reporter Gene Design, Characterization, and Optical in Vivo Imaging of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells after Myocardial Infarction.

Parashurama Natesh N Ahn Byeong-Cheol BC Ziv Keren K Ito Ken K Paulmurugan Ramasamy R Willmann Jürgen K JK Chung Jaehoon J Ikeno Fumiaki F Swanson Julia C JC Merk Denis R DR Lyons Jennifer K JK Yerushalmi David D Teramoto Tomohiko T Kosuge Hisanori H Dao Catherine N CN Ray Pritha P Patel Manishkumar M Chang Ya-Fang YF Mahmoudi Morteza M Cohen Jeff Eric JE Goldstone Andrew Brooks AB Habte Frezghi F Bhaumik Srabani S Yaghoubi Shahriar S Robbins Robert C RC Dash Rajesh R Yang Phillip C PC Brinton Todd J TJ Yock Paul G PG McConnell Michael V MV Gambhir Sanjiv S SS

Radiology 20160616 3

Purpose To use multimodality reporter-gene imaging to assess the serial survival of marrow stromal cells (MSC) after therapy for myocardial infarction (MI) and to determine if the requisite preclinical imaging end point was met prior to a follow-up large-animal MSC imaging study. Materials and Methods Animal studies were approved by the Institutional Administrative Panel on Laboratory Animal Care. Mice (n = 19) that had experienced MI were injected with bone marrow-derived MSC that expressed a m ...[more]

PMID: 27308957

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Project description:Background: Bone marrow-derived multipotent progenitor cell (MPC) transplantation leads to short term functional and bioenergetic improvement in a porcine model of postinfarction Left Ventricular (LV) remodeling despite a low engraftment rate. However, the long term outcome after MPC transplantation is unknown. Methods and Results: The objectives of this study were to determine the long term functional outcome after MPC transplantation in a porcine model of postinfarction LV remodeling and to elucidate its mechanisms. Myocardial infarction (MI) was created by ligating the first and second diagonal branches of the Left anterior descending artery after open thoracotomy. Intramyocardial injection of 50 million lacZ labeled MPC was performed in the periscar region (Cell, n=7) with 5 equal injections immediately after MI, while in control animals (CONT, n=7; only 6 were profiled by microarray) saline was injected. Outcome was assessed temporally for 4 months with MRI and P-31 MRS. Engraftment was studied on histology and gene chip (Affymetrix) array analysis was used to study differential expression of genes in the two groups at 4 months. MPC treatment resulted in improvement of ejection fraction as early as 10 days after MI (32.2Â±5.5 vs. 43.4Â±5.1 in CONT and Cell respectively, p <0.05). This improvement was seen each month and persisted up to 4 months (35.7Â±5.0 vs. 51.2Â±4.8 in CONT and Cell respectively, p<0.005). PCr/ATP ratio improved with MPC transplantation (1.88Â±0.11 vs. 2.13Â±0.13 in CONT and Cell respectively, p<0.05). Under increased workload with inotropic stimulation, the bioenergetic differences were even more pronounced. There was no significant difference in scar size (scar/LV area*100) at 10 days post infarction (9.7Â±2.3 vs. 8.3Â±1.5 in CONT and Cell respectively). However, at 4 months there was a significant decrease in scar size in the MPC treated animals (8.6Â±2.4 vs. 4.6Â±1.0 in CONT and Cell respectively, p <0.05). No significant engraftment of MPC was observed on histology at 4 months. Gene chip array analysis identified several genes which were differentially expressed in the two groups. MPC transplantation was associated with a downregulation of mitochondrial oxidative enzymes, increased levels of MEF2a (Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2a) and ZFP91 (Zinc finger protein 91). Conclusion: MPC transplantation results in long term improvement in ventricular function and myocardial energetics that is associated with a decreased scar size and differential expression of genes. 13 swine were randomized after myocardial infarction to receive either 50 million stem cells (n=7) or saline only (n=6). The pigs were followed for a total of 4 months after transplantation with MRI occurring at baseline, 10 days, 1 month and then subsequently each month for 4 months. At the end of the study open-chest NMR spectroscopy was performed and then after sacrifice histology and microarray analysis was done on the tissue samples.

Project description:Despite the benefits of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) transplantation in cardiac tissue, detailed in vivo observations have shown that MSCs only survive for a brief period after transplantation due to harsh microenvironmental conditions, including ischemia, inflammation and anoikis, in the infarcted myocardium. Thus, new strategies are needed to enhance MSC survival and inhibit cardiac remodeling. Studies have now demonstrated that chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 2 (CCL2) and its cognate receptor C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) promote excessive Ly6C(high) inflammatory monocyte infiltration at the infarct in response to ischemic myocardial injury. Therefore, decreasing the activities of these monocytes immediately after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) could be beneficial for AMI patients.This study tested the hypothesis that therapeutic siRNA-loaded photoluminescent mesoporous silicon nanoparticles (PMSNs) targeting CCR2 expression in Ly6C(high) inflammatory monocytes decrease the accumulation of these cells in the infarct, improve the efficacy of MSC transplantation and attenuate myocardial remodeling.PMSNs carrying therapeutic siCCR2 were first synthesized without the inclusion of fluorescent materials or dyes. After AMI BALB/c mice were established, 10(5) 5-ethynyl-2'- deoxyuridine (EdU)-labeled MSCs suspended in 100 µl of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) were injected into the border zone of the infarct of each mouse. PMSNs-siCCR2 (25 µg/g) were also intravenously injected via the tail vein immediately following AMI induction. Control mice were injected with an equal amount of PMSNs without siCCR2. PMSNs-siCCR2 were examined in vivo using near-infrared imaging technology. The therapeutic effects of PMSNs-siCCR2 for MSC transplantation were determined at the mRNA, protein and functional levels.PMSNs-siCCR2 circulated freely in vivo and were cleared in a relatively short period of time (t(½)=37 min) with no evidence of toxicity. The therapeutic PMSNs-siCCR2 showed higher levels of cellular accumulation in Ly6C(high) monocytes in the spleen and more efficient degradation of CCR2 compared with the control (8.04%±2.17% vs. 20.02%±4.55%, p<0.001). Subsequently, the PMSNs-siCCR2 decreased the accumulation of CD11b-positive monocytes at the infarct (49.3%±17.34% vs. 61.32%±22.43%, p<0.001) on day 1. Increased survival of transplanted MSCs (13±3/mm(2) vs. 4±1/mm(2), p<0.001) and significantly decreased TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)(+) cardiac myocytes (17.44%±6.26% vs. 39.49%±13.28%, p<0.001) were then identified in the infarct zone three days after AMI induction in the PMSNs-siCCR2 group. Three weeks after MSC injection, significant increases were observed in the vascular density (235.5±39.6/mm(2) vs. 147.4±20.3/mm(2), p<0.001) and the cardiac myosin-positive area (21.7%±8.4% vs. 13.2%±4.4%, p<0.001) of the infarct border zone. In addition, significant amelioration of left ventricular (LV) remodeling (thickness of the LV posterior walls) (0.84±0.11 mm vs. 0.61±0.08 mm, p<0.001) was also observed at the same time compared with the control group.PMSNs-siCCR2-mediated CCR2 gene silencing in Ly6C(high) monocytes improved the effectiveness of MSC transplantation and selectively ameliorated myocardial remodeling after AMI. These results suggest that PMSNs-siCCR2 could potentially be used to develop an anti-inflammatory therapy for post-AMI MSC transplantation.

Dataset Information

Multimodality Molecular Imaging of Cardiac Cell Transplantation: Part I. Reporter Gene Design, Characterization, and Optical in Vivo Imaging of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells after Myocardial Infarction.

Publications

Multimodality Molecular Imaging of Cardiac Cell Transplantation: Part I. Reporter Gene Design, Characterization, and Optical in Vivo Imaging of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells after Myocardial Infarction.

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