Dataset Information

A Type A and Type D Combined Personality Typology in Essential Hypertension and Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients: Associations with Demographic, Psychological, Clinical, and Lifestyle Indicators.

ABSTRACT: Many studies have focused on Type A and Type D personality types in the context of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), but nothing is known about how these personality types combine to create new profiles. The present study aimed to develop a typology of Type A and Type D personality in two groups of patients affected by and at risk for coronary disease. The study involved 711 patients: 51.6% with acute coronary syndrome, 48.4% with essential hypertension (mean age = 56.4 years; SD = 9.7 years; 70.7% men). Cluster analysis was applied. External variables, such as socio-demographic, psychological, lifestyle, and clinical parameters, were assessed. Six groups, each with its own unique combined personality profile scores, were identified: Type D, Type A-Negatively Affected, Not Type A-Negatively Affected, Socially Inhibited-Positively Affected, Not Socially Inhibited, and Not Type A-Not Type D. The Type A-Negatively Affected cluster and, to a lesser extent, the Type D cluster, displayed the worst profile: namely higher total cardiovascular risk index, physical inactivity, higher anxiety and depression, and lower self-esteem, optimism, and health status. Identifying combined personality profiles is important in clinical research and practice in cardiovascular diseases. Practical implications are discussed.

SUBMITTER: Steca P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5010181 | biostudies-literature | 2016

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A Type A and Type D Combined Personality Typology in Essential Hypertension and Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients: Associations with Demographic, Psychological, Clinical, and Lifestyle Indicators.

Steca Patrizia P D'Addario Marco M Magrin Maria Elena ME Miglioretti Massimo M Monzani Dario D Pancani Luca L Sarini Marcello M Scrignaro Marta M Vecchio Luca L Fattirolli Francesco F Giannattasio Cristina C Cesana Francesca F Riccobono Salvatore Pio SP Greco Andrea A

PloS one 20160902 9

Many studies have focused on Type A and Type D personality types in the context of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), but nothing is known about how these personality types combine to create new profiles. The present study aimed to develop a typology of Type A and Type D personality in two groups of patients affected by and at risk for coronary disease. The study involved 711 patients: 51.6% with acute coronary syndrome, 48.4% with essential hypertension (mean age = 56.4 years; SD = 9.7 years; 70.7 ...[more]

PMID: 27589065

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Project description:Behavioral problems are a major source of poor welfare and premature mortality in companion dogs. Previous studies have demonstrated associations between owners' personality and psychological status and the prevalence and/or severity of their dogs' behavior problems. However, the mechanisms responsible for these associations are currently unknown. Other studies have detected links between the tendency of dogs to display behavior problems and their owners' use of aversive or confrontational training methods. This raises the possibility that the effects of owner personality and psychological status on dog behavior are mediated via their influence on the owner's choice of training methods. We investigated this hypothesis in a self-selected, convenience sample of 1564 current dog owners using an online battery of questionnaires designed to measure, respectively, owner personality, depression, emotion regulation, use of aversive/confrontational training methods, and owner-reported dog behavior. Multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses identified modest, positive associations between owners' use of aversive/confrontational training methods and the prevalence/severity of the following dog behavior problems: owner-directed aggression, stranger-directed aggression, separation problems, chasing, persistent barking, and house-soiling (urination and defecation when left alone). The regression models also detected modest associations between owners' low scores on four of the 'Big Five' personality dimensions (Agreeableness, Emotional Stability, Extraversion & Conscientiousness) and their dogs' tendency to display higher rates of owner-directed aggression, stranger-directed fear, and/or urination when left alone. The study found only weak evidence to support the hypothesis that these relationships between owner personality and dog behavior were mediated via the owners' use of punitive training methods, but it did detect a more than five-fold increase in the use of aversive/confrontational training techniques among men with moderate depression. Further research is needed to clarify the causal relationship between owner personality and psychological status and the behavioral problems of companion dogs.

Project description:Psychological constructs are associated with cardiovascular health, but the biological mechanisms mediating these relationships are unknown. We examined relationships between psychological constructs and markers of inflammation, endothelial function, and myocardial strain in a cohort of post-acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients.Participants (N = 164) attended study visits 2 weeks and 6 months after ACS. During these visits, they completed self-report measures of depressive symptoms, anxiety, optimism, and gratitude; and blood samples were collected for measurement of biomarkers reflecting inflammation, endothelial function, and myocardial strain. Generalized estimating equations and linear regression analyses were performed to examine concurrent and prospective relationships between psychological constructs and biomarkers.In concurrent analyses, depressive symptoms were associated with elevated markers of inflammation (interleukin-17: ? = .047; 95% confidence interval [CI] = .010-.083]), endothelial dysfunction (endothelin-1: ? = .020; 95% [CI] = .004-.037]), and myocardial strain (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide: ? = .045; 95% [CI] = .008-.083]), independent of age, sex, medical variables, and anxiety, whereas anxiety was not associated with these markers in multivariable adjusted models. Optimism and gratitude were associated with lower levels of markers of endothelial dysfunction (endothelin-1: gratitude: ? = -.009; 95% [CI] = -.017 to - .001]; optimism: ? = -.009; 95% [CI] = -.016 to - .001]; soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1: gratitude: ? = -.007; 95% [CI] = -.014 to - .000]), independent of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Psychological constructs at 2 weeks were not prospectively associated with biomarkers at 6 months.Depressive symptoms were associated with more inflammation, myocardial strain, and endothelial dysfunction in the 6 months after ACS, whereas positive psychological constructs were linked to better endothelial function. Larger prospective studies may clarify the directionality of these relationships.Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT01709669.

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Dataset Information

A Type A and Type D Combined Personality Typology in Essential Hypertension and Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients: Associations with Demographic, Psychological, Clinical, and Lifestyle Indicators.

Publications

A Type A and Type D Combined Personality Typology in Essential Hypertension and Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients: Associations with Demographic, Psychological, Clinical, and Lifestyle Indicators.

Similar Datasets

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