Dataset Information

Pet Ownership and Cancer Risk in the Women's Health Initiative.

ABSTRACT: Pet ownership and cancer are both highly prevalent in the United States. Evidence suggests that associations may exist between this potentially modifiable factor and cancer prevention, though studies are sparse. The present report examined whether pet ownership (dog, cat, or bird) is associated with lower risk for total cancer and site-specific obesity-related cancers.This was a prospective analysis of 123,560 participants (20,981 dog owners; 19,288 cat owners; 1,338 bird owners; and 81,953 non-pet owners) enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative observational study and clinical trials. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate HR and 95% confidence intervals for the association between pet ownership and cancer, adjusted for potential confounders.There were no significant relationships between ownership of a dog, cat, or bird and incidence of cancer overall. When site-specific cancers were examined, no associations were observed after adjustment for multiple comparisons.Pet ownership had no association with overall cancer incidence.This is the first large epidemiologic study to date to explore relationships between pet ownership and cancer risk, as well as associated risks for individual cancer types. This study requires replication in other sizable, diverse cohorts. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(9); 1311-6. ©2016 AACR.

SUBMITTER: Garcia DO

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5010503 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Pet Ownership and Cancer Risk in the Women's Health Initiative.

Garcia David O DO Lander Eric M EM Wertheim Betsy C BC Manson JoAnn E JE Volpe Stella L SL Chlebowski Rowan T RT Stefanick Marcia L ML Lessin Lawrence S LS Kuller Lewis H LH Thomson Cynthia A CA

Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology 20160630 9

<h4>Background</h4>Pet ownership and cancer are both highly prevalent in the United States. Evidence suggests that associations may exist between this potentially modifiable factor and cancer prevention, though studies are sparse. The present report examined whether pet ownership (dog, cat, or bird) is associated with lower risk for total cancer and site-specific obesity-related cancers.<h4>Methods</h4>This was a prospective analysis of 123,560 participants (20,981 dog owners; 19,288 cat owners; ...[more]

PMID: 27365150

Similar Datasets

Project description:Background:After menopause, several androgens continue to be produced primarily by the adrenal glands; these can be converted into estrogens via aromatization or into androgen metabolites. It is unclear if androgens are associated with endometrial cancer risk independently of their being precursors to estrogens or if alternative metabolic pathways influence risk. Methods:We measured prediagnostic serum concentrations of 12 androgens and their metabolites using highly sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assays in a nested case-control study of postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (313 endometrial cancer case subjects, 354 matched control subjects). Estrogens were previously assayed. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for endometrial cancer with adjustment for confounders. Results:Compared to the lowest concentrations, the highest levels of adrenal androgens were associated with increased endometrial cancer risk: dehydroepiandrosterone (5th vs 1st quintile: OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.06 to 3.25), androstenedione (OR = 2.36, 95% CI = 1.34 to 4.16), and testosterone (OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.12 to 3.24). Downstream androgen metabolites were not associated with endometrial cancer. Although increased risks for the parent androgens were still suggested after adjustment for unconjugated estradiol, the associations attenuated, and with the exception of androstenedione, were no longer statistically significant. We also evaluated ratios of estrogens relative to their androgenic precursors; both higher unconjugated estrone:androstenedione and higher unconjugated estradiol:testosterone were associated with increased endometrial cancer risk. Conclusions:We identified increased risks for endometrial cancer with the highest levels of adrenal androgens and high levels of estrogens relative to these androgens. As adrenal androgens can be aromatized to estrogens, this suggests androgens likely influence endometrial carcinogenesis via estrogen metabolism.

Project description:Few studies have examined associations between plasma choline metabolites and risk of colorectal cancer. Therefore, we investigated associations between plasma biomarkers of choline metabolism [choline, betaine, dimethylglycine, and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)] and colorectal cancer risk among postmenopausal women in a case-control study nested within the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. We selected 835 matched case-control pairs, and cases were further stratified by tumor site (proximal, distal, or rectal) and stage (local/regional or metastatic). Colorectal cancer was assessed by self-report and confirmed by medical records over the mean of 5.2 years of follow-up. Baseline plasma choline metabolites were measured by LC/MS-MS. In multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression models, plasma choline tended to be positively associated with rectal cancer risk [OR (95% confidence interval, CI)(highest vs. lowest quartile) = 2.44 (0.93-6.40); P trend = 0.08], whereas plasma betaine was inversely associated with colorectal cancer overall [0.68 (0.47-0.99); P trend = 0.01] and with local/regional tumors [0.64 (0.42-0.99); P trend = 0.009]. Notably, the plasma betaine:choline ratio was inversely associated with colorectal cancer overall [0.56 (0.39-0.82); P trend = 0.004] as well as with proximal [0.66 (0.41-1.06); P trend = 0.049], rectal [0.27 (0.10-0.78); P trend = 0.02], and local/regional [0.50 (0.33-0.76); P trend = 0.001] tumors. Finally, plasma TMAO, an oxidative derivative of choline produced by intestinal bacteria, was positively associated with rectal cancer [3.38 (1.25-9.16); P trend = 0.02] and with overall colorectal cancer risk among women with lower (vs. higher) plasma vitamin B12 levels (P interaction = 0.003). Collectively, these data suggest that alterations in choline metabolism, which may arise early in disease development, may be associated with higher risk of colorectal cancer. The positive association between plasma TMAO and colorectal cancer risk is consistent with an involvement of the gut microbiome in colorectal cancer pathogenesis.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Hormonal and reproductive factors contribute to the development of ovarian cancer, but few studies have examined associations between circulating estrogens and estrogen metabolites and ovarian cancer risk. We evaluated whether serum estrogens and estrogen metabolite levels are associated with ovarian cancer risk among postmenopausal women in a nested case-control study in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Observational Study (OS). METHODS:We selected all 169 eligible epithelial ovarian cancer cases and 412 matched controls from women enrolled in WHI-OS who were not using menopausal hormones at baseline. Baseline levels of 15 estrogens and estrogen metabolites were measured via liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Associations with ovarian cancer risk overall and stratified by histologic subtype (serous/nonserous) were analyzed using logistic regression. The mean time from serum collection to cancer diagnosis was 6.9 years. RESULTS:Overall, we observed modest ovarian cancer risk associations among women with higher levels of estrone [OR (95% confidence interval) quintile (Q)5 vs. Q1: 1.54 (0.82-2.90), Ptrend = 0.05], as well as 2- and 4-methoxyestrone metabolites [2.03 (1.06-3.88), Ptrend = 0.02; 1.86 (0.98-3.56), Ptrend = 0.01, respectively]. Associations of estrogens and estrogen metabolites varied substantially by histologic subtype. Associations with serous tumors were universally null, while estrone [2.65 (1.09-6.45), Ptrend = 0.01, Pheterogeneity = 0.04], unconjugated estradiol [2.72 (1.04-7.14), Ptrend = 0.03, Pheterogeneity = 0.02] and many of the 2-, 4-, and 16-pathway metabolites were positively associated with nonserous tumors. CONCLUSIONS:Our study provides novel molecular data showing an association of the parent estrogens and several estrogen metabolites with nonserous ovarian cancers. IMPACT:These findings further support the heterogeneous etiology of ovarian cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(4); 648-56. ©2016 AACR.

Dataset Information

Pet Ownership and Cancer Risk in the Women's Health Initiative.

Publications

Pet Ownership and Cancer Risk in the Women's Health Initiative.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure