Increasing neonicotinoid use and the declining butterfly fauna of lowland California.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Forister ML
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5014040 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Aug
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Increasing neonicotinoid use and the declining butterfly fauna of lowland California.
Forister Matthew L ML Cousens Bruce B Harrison Joshua G JG Anderson Kayce K Thorne James H JH Waetjen Dave D Nice Chris C CC De Parsia Matthew M Hladik Michelle L ML Meese Robert R van Vliet Heidi H Shapiro Arthur M AM
Biology letters 20160801 8
The butterfly fauna of lowland Northern California has exhibited a marked decline in recent years that previous studies have attributed in part to altered climatic conditions and changes in land use. Here, we ask if a shift in insecticide use towards neonicotinoids is associated with butterfly declines at four sites in the region that have been monitored for four decades. A negative association between butterfly populations and increasing neonicotinoid application is detectable while controlling ...[more]
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