Dataset Information

Hemodynamic and Autonomic Response to Different Salt Intakes in Normotensive Individuals.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Even if sodium sensitivity represents a risk factor at any blood pressure (BP) level, limited evidence is available that it may influence cardiovascular control in normotensives, particularly in white individuals. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate whether sodium sensitivity alters hemodynamic or autonomic responses to salt in normotensives.

Methods and results

We evaluated the Sodium-Sensitivity Index (SS-Index) in 71 white normotensives after 5 days of high- and low-sodium diets. We measured BP continuously at the end of each period, estimating hemodynamic indices from BP waveform analysis, and autonomic indices from heart rate (HR) and BP variability. According to the SS-Index distribution, we defined 1 sodium-sensitive group (SS, with SS-Index >15 mm Hg/[mmol·day]), 1 sodium-resistant group, (unresponsive to sodium load with -15? SS-Index ?+15), and 1 inverse sodium-sensitive group, responsive to sodium by decreasing BP, with SS-Index <-15). We compared the effects of the diets among groups, and correlated autonomic/hemodynamic indices with the SS-Index. After sodium loading, a significant decrease in systemic peripheral resistances, HR, spectral indices of BP modulation, and a significant increase of indices of HR vagal modulation were found in the inverse sodium-sensitive group but not in SS normotensives. Moreover, the highest SS-Indices were associated with the lesser vagal HR decelerations.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that salt sensitivity in white normotensive individuals is associated with impaired vasodilation and altered autonomic response to dietary salt. Such dysfunction may critically contribute to induce a BP response to dietary salt.

SUBMITTER: Castiglioni P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5015293 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Hemodynamic and Autonomic Response to Different Salt Intakes in Normotensive Individuals.

Castiglioni Paolo P Parati Gianfranco G Lazzeroni Davide D Bini Matteo M Faini Andrea A Brambilla Lorenzo L Brambilla Valerio V Coruzzi Paolo P

Journal of the American Heart Association 20160808 8

<h4>Background</h4>Even if sodium sensitivity represents a risk factor at any blood pressure (BP) level, limited evidence is available that it may influence cardiovascular control in normotensives, particularly in white individuals. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate whether sodium sensitivity alters hemodynamic or autonomic responses to salt in normotensives.<h4>Methods and results</h4>We evaluated the Sodium-Sensitivity Index (SS-Index) in 71 white normotensives after 5 days of ...[more]

PMID: 27503851

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Project description:The purpose of this study is to better understand the origins and progression of pre-hypertension.Pre-hypertension is a risk factor for progression to hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and increased mortality. We used a cross-sectional twin study design to examine the role of heredity in likely pathophysiological events (autonomic or hemodynamic) in pre-hypertension.Eight hundred twelve individuals (337 normotensive, 340 pre-hypertensive, 135 hypertensive) were evaluated in a sample of twin pairs, their siblings, and other family members. They underwent noninvasive hemodynamic, autonomic, and biochemical testing, as well as estimates of trait heritability (the percentage of trait variance accounted for by heredity) and pleiotropy (the genetic covariance or shared genetic determination of traits) by variance components.In the hemodynamic realm, an elevation of cardiac contractility prompted increased stroke volume, in turn increasing cardiac output, which elevated blood pressure into the pre-hypertension range. Autonomic monitoring detected an elevation of norepinephrine secretion plus a decline in cardiac parasympathetic tone. Twin pair variance components documented substantial heritability as well as joint genetic determination for blood pressure and the contributory autonomic and hemodynamic traits. Genetic variation at a pathway locus also indicated pleiotropic effects on contractility and blood pressure.Elevated blood pressure in pre-hypertension results from increased cardiac output, driven by contractility as well as heart rate, which may reflect both diminished parasympathetic and increased sympathetic tone. In the face of increased cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance fails to decline homeostatically. Such traits display substantial heritability and shared genetic determination, although by loci not yet elucidated. These findings clarify the role of heredity in the origin of pre-hypertension and its autonomic and hemodynamic pathogenesis. The results also establish pathways that suggest new therapeutic targets for pre-hypertension, or approaches to its prevention.

Dataset Information

Hemodynamic and Autonomic Response to Different Salt Intakes in Normotensive Individuals.

Background

Methods and results

Conclusions

Publications

Hemodynamic and Autonomic Response to Different Salt Intakes in Normotensive Individuals.

Similar Datasets

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