Dataset Information

Transient Shifts of Incubation Temperature Reveal Immediate and Long-Term Transcriptional Response in Chicken Breast Muscle Underpinning Resilience and Phenotypic Plasticity.

ABSTRACT: Variations in egg incubation temperatures can have acute or long-term effects on gene transcription in avian species. Altered gene expression may, in turn, affect muscle traits in poultry and indirectly influence commercial production. To determine how changes in eggshell temperature affect gene expression, incubation temperatures were varied [36.8°C (low), 37.8°C (control), 38.8°C (high)] at specific time periods reflecting two stages of myogenesis [embryonic days (ED) 7-10 and 10-13]. Gene expression was compared between interventions and matching controls by microarrays in broiler breast muscle at ED10 or ED13 and post-hatch at day 35. Early (ED7-10) high incubation temperature (H10?C) resulted in 1370 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in embryos. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed temporary activation of cell maintenance, organismal development, and survival ability genes, but these effects were not maintained in adults. Late high incubation temperature (ED10-13) (H13?C) had slightly negative impacts on development of cellular components in embryos, but a cumulative effect was observed in adults, in which tissue development and nutrition metabolism were affected. Early low incubation temperature (L10?C) produced 368 DEGs, most of which were down-regulated and involved in differentiation and formation of muscle cells. In adults, this treatment down-regulated pathways of transcriptional processes, but up-regulated cell proliferation. Late low temperature incubation (L13?C) produced 795 DEGs in embryos, and activated organismal survival and post-transcriptional regulation pathways. In adults this treatment activated cellular and organ development, nutrition and small molecule activity, and survival rate, but deactivated size of body and muscle cells. Thermal interventions during incubation initiate immediate and delayed transcriptional responses that are specific for timing and direction of treatment. Interestingly, the transcriptional response to transiently decreased incubation temperature, which did not affect the phenotypes, prompts compensatory effects reflecting resilience. In contrast, higher incubation temperature triggers gene expression and has long-term effects on the phenotype. These mechanisms of considerable phenotypic plasticity contribute to the biodiversity and broaden the basis for managing poultry populations.

SUBMITTER: Naraballobh W

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5017601 | biostudies-literature | 2016

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Transient Shifts of Incubation Temperature Reveal Immediate and Long-Term Transcriptional Response in Chicken Breast Muscle Underpinning Resilience and Phenotypic Plasticity.

Naraballobh Watcharapong W Trakooljul Nares N Murani Eduard E Brunner Ronald R Krischek Carsten C Janisch Sabine S Wicke Michael M Ponsuksili Siriluck S Wimmers Klaus K

PloS one 20160909 9

Variations in egg incubation temperatures can have acute or long-term effects on gene transcription in avian species. Altered gene expression may, in turn, affect muscle traits in poultry and indirectly influence commercial production. To determine how changes in eggshell temperature affect gene expression, incubation temperatures were varied [36.8°C (low), 37.8°C (control), 38.8°C (high)] at specific time periods reflecting two stages of myogenesis [embryonic days (ED) 7-10 and 10-13]. Gene exp ...[more]

PMID: 27611643

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Project description:In oviparous species accidental variation of incubation temperatures may occur under natural conditions and mechanisms may have evolved by natural selection that facilitate coping with these stressors. However, under controlled artificial incubation modification of egg incubation temperature has been shown to have a wide-ranging impact on post-hatch development in several poultry species. Because developmental changes initiated in-ovo can affect poultry production, understanding the molecular routes and epigenetic alterations induced by incubation temperature differences may allow targeted modification of phenotypes.In order to identify molecular pathways responsive to variable incubation temperature, broiler eggs were incubated at a lower or higher temperature (36.8 °C, 38.8 °C) relative to control (37.8 °C) over two developmental intervals, embryonic days (E) 7-10 and 10-13. Global gene expression of M. gastrocnemius was assayed at E10, E13, and slaughter age [post-hatch day (D) 35] (6 groups; 3 time points; 8 animals each) by microarray analysis and treated samples were compared to controls within each time point. Transcript abundance differed for between 113 and 738 genes, depending on treatment group, compared to the respective control. In particular, higher incubation temperature during E7-10 immediately affected pathways involved in energy and lipid metabolism, cell signaling, and muscle development more so than did other conditions. But lower incubation temperature during E10-13 affected pathways related to cellular function and growth, and development of organ, tissue, and muscle as well as nutrient metabolism pathways at D35.Shifts in incubation temperature provoke specific immediate and long-term transcriptional responses. Further, the transcriptional response to lower incubation temperature, which did not affect the phenotypes, mediates compensatory effects reflecting adaptability. In contrast, higher incubation temperature triggers gene expression and has long-term effects on the phenotype, reflecting considerable phenotypic plasticity.

Project description:Phenotypic plasticity of traits is commonly measured in plants to improve understanding of organismal and ecosystem responses to climate change but is far less studied for microbes. Specifically, decomposer fungi are thought to display high levels of phenotypic plasticity and their functions have important implications for ecosystem dynamics. Assessing the phenotypic plasticity of fungal traits may therefore be important for predicting fungal community response to climate change. Here, we assess the phenotypic plasticity of 15 fungal isolates (12 species) from a Southern California grassland. Fungi were incubated on litter at five moisture levels (ranging from 4-50% water holding capacity) and at five temperatures (ranging from 4-36 °C). After incubation, fungal biomass and activities of four extracellular enzymes (cellobiohydrolase (CBH), β-glucosidase (BG), β-xylosidase (BX), and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG)) were measured. We used response surface methodology to determine how fungal phenotypic plasticity differs across the moisture-temperature gradient. We hypothesized that fungal biomass and extracellular enzyme activities would vary with moisture and temperature and that the shape of the response surface would vary between fungal isolates. We further hypothesized that more closely related fungi would show more similar response surfaces across the moisture-temperature gradient. In support of our hypotheses, we found that plasticity differed between fungi along the temperature gradient for fungal biomass and for all the extracellular enzyme activities. Plasticity also differed between fungi along the moisture gradient for BG activity. These differences appear to be caused by variation mainly at the moisture and temperature extremes. We also found that more closely related fungi had more similar extracellular enzymes activities at the highest temperature. Altogether, this evidence suggests that with global warming, fungal biodiversity may become increasingly important as functional traits tend to diverge along phylogenetic lines at higher temperatures.

Project description:This study measured the differential expression of genes from a single clonal Daphnia pulex isolate obtained from an eutrophic flooded opencast mine near Gräfenhain (Saxony, Germany) and has been kept in the laboratory since 2002. The daphniids (50 adult animals per batch) were raised in 3-L glass beakers under a 16 h:8 h L:D photoperiod. Three-quarter of the culture medium (M4) was renewed once a week, and the animals were equally fed ad libitum with algae (Desmodesmus subspicatus; SAG 53.80, Göttingen, Germany). Long-term-acclimated animals were kept at three different temperatures (i.e., 10 ± 0.5°C, 20 ± 0.3°C, and 24 ± 0.3°C) under normoxia (Po2 ≥ 20 kPa) for at least twelve weeks. Time-resolved experiments (acute heat stress) were carried out with long-term 20°C acclimated animals, which were exposed for three different time intervals (2, 4, and 8 h) to either 30 ± 0.2°C (test conditions) or 20 ± 0.3°C (control conditions). For this, 50 animals each were rapidly transferred with a sieve (mesh size: 1.2 mm) from 20°C-medium to a set of beakers containing 30°C-medium. As control, 50 animals each were transferred from 20°C-medium to another set of beakers with 20°C-medium. Only adult female animals with a body length of 2−2.5 mm (between the base of the apical spine and the anterior part of the head) and carrying parthenogenetic eggs and embryos were used for experiments. Animals were not fed during short-term exposures. During experiments, all animals were in good physical condition. After thermal acclimation or heat exposure, animals were transferred into 1.5-ml microcentrifuge tubes and shock-frozen in liquid nitrogen after removing adhering water with a tissue paper. Samples were short-term stored at -80°C. For all experimental conditions, four independent replicates (50 animals each) were analyzed. This GEO record is for the acute heat stress temperature contrasts between animals conditioned to 20 degrees Celsius (condition 1) versus heat shock to 30 degrees Celsius (condition 2) exposed for 2 hours (treatment 1), 4 hours (treatment 2), and 8 hours (treatment 3).

Dataset Information

Transient Shifts of Incubation Temperature Reveal Immediate and Long-Term Transcriptional Response in Chicken Breast Muscle Underpinning Resilience and Phenotypic Plasticity.

Publications

Transient Shifts of Incubation Temperature Reveal Immediate and Long-Term Transcriptional Response in Chicken Breast Muscle Underpinning Resilience and Phenotypic Plasticity.

Similar Datasets

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