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Increasing Regulatory T Cells With Interleukin-2 and Interleukin-2 Antibody Complexes Attenuates Lung Inflammation and Heart Failure Progression.

ABSTRACT: Congestive heart failure (CHF) is associated with an increase of leukocyte infiltration, proinflammatory cytokines, and fibrosis in the heart and lung. Regulatory T cells (Tregs, CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+)) suppress inflammatory responses in various clinical conditions. We postulated that expansion of Tregs attenuates CHF progression by reducing cardiac and lung inflammation. We investigated the effects of interleukin-2 (IL-2) plus IL-2 monoclonal antibody clone JES6-1 complexes (IL2/JES6-1) on induction of Tregs, transverse aortic constriction-induced cardiac and lung inflammation, and CHF progression in mice. We demonstrated that end-stage CHF caused a massive increase of lung macrophages and T cells, as well as relatively mild left ventricular (LV) leukocyte infiltration. Administration of IL2/JES6-1 caused an ?6-fold increase of Tregs within CD4(+) T cells in the spleen, lung, and heart of mice. IL2/JES6-1 treatment of mice with existing transverse aortic constriction-induced LV failure markedly reduced lung and right ventricular weight and improved LV ejection fraction and LV end-diastolic pressure. Mechanistically, IL2/JES6-1 treatment significantly increased Tregs; suppressed CD4(+) T-cell accumulation; dramatically attenuated leukocyte infiltration, including decreasing CD45(+) cells, macrophages, CD8(+) T cells, and effector memory CD8(+); and reduced proinflammatory cytokine expressions and fibrosis in the lung of mice. Furthermore, IL2/JES6-1 administered before transverse aortic constriction attenuated the development of LV hypertrophy and dysfunction in mice. Our data indicate that increasing Tregs through administration of IL2/JES6-1 effectively attenuates pulmonary inflammation, right ventricular hypertrophy, and further LV dysfunction in mice with existing LV failure, suggesting that strategies to properly expand Tregs may be useful in reducing CHF progression.

SUBMITTER: Wang H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5022287 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Increasing Regulatory T Cells With Interleukin-2 and Interleukin-2 Antibody Complexes Attenuates Lung Inflammation and Heart Failure Progression.

Wang Huan H Hou Lei L Kwak Dongmin D Fassett John J Xu Xin X Chen Angela A Chen Wei W Blazar Bruce R BR Xu Yawei Y Hall Jennifer L JL Ge Jun-Bo JB Bache Robert J RJ Chen Yingjie Y

Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 20160509 1

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is associated with an increase of leukocyte infiltration, proinflammatory cytokines, and fibrosis in the heart and lung. Regulatory T cells (Tregs, CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+)) suppress inflammatory responses in various clinical conditions. We postulated that expansion of Tregs attenuates CHF progression by reducing cardiac and lung inflammation. We investigated the effects of interleukin-2 (IL-2) plus IL-2 monoclonal antibody clone JES6-1 complexes (IL2/JES6-1) on induc ...[more]

PMID: 27160197

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Cardiac fibroblasts are a critical cell population responsible for myocardial extracellular matrix homeostasis. Upon injury or pathological stimulation, these cells transform to an activated myofibroblast state and play a fundamental role in myocardial fibrosis and remodeling. Chronic sympathetic overstimulation, a hallmark of heart failure (HF), induces pathological signaling through G protein ?? (G??) subunits and their interaction with G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2). OBJECTIVES:This study investigated the hypothesis that G??-GRK2 inhibition and/or ablation after myocardial injury would attenuate pathological myofibroblast activation and cardiac remodeling. METHODS:The therapeutic potential of small molecule G??-GRK2 inhibition, alone or in combination with activated fibroblast- or myocyte-specific GRK2 ablation-each initiated after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury-was investigated to evaluate the possible salutary effects on post-I/R fibroblast activation, pathological remodeling, and cardiac dysfunction. RESULTS:Small molecule G??-GRK2 inhibition initiated 1 week post-injury was cardioprotective in the I/R model of chronic HF, including preservation of cardiac contractility and a reduction in cardiac fibrotic remodeling. Systemic small molecule G??-GRK2 inhibition initiated 1 week post-I/R in cardiomyocyte-restricted GRK2 ablated mice (also post-I/R) still demonstrated significant cardioprotection, which suggested a potential protective role beyond the cardiomyocyte. Inducible ablation of GRK2 in activated fibroblasts (i.e., myofibroblasts) post-I/R injury demonstrated significant functional cardioprotection with reduced myofibroblast transformation and fibrosis. Systemic small molecule G??-GRK2 inhibition initiated 1 week post-I/R provided little to no further protection in mice with ablation of GRK2 in activated fibroblasts alone. Finally, G??-GRK2 inhibition significantly attenuated activation characteristics of failing human cardiac fibroblasts isolated from end-stage HF patients. CONCLUSIONS:These findings suggested consideration of a paradigm shift in the understanding of the therapeutic role of G??-GRK2 inhibition in treating HF and the potential therapeutic role for G??-GRK2 inhibition in limiting pathological myofibroblast activation, interstitial fibrosis, and HF progression.

Project description:AimsIn light of recent data regarding inflammatory signalling pathways in cardiovascular disease and the recently demonstrated impact of pharmacologic inhibition of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in heart failure, the primary aim was to assess the physiologic effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) on the expression of systemic inflammatory, immune-modulatory, metabolic, and apoptotic genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with heart failure.Methods and resultsWe used RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to identify gene expression changes in PBMCs in response to CRT. In total, 27 patients were analysed: 12 with heart failure undergoing CRT, 6 with heart failure undergoing standard implanted cardioverter defibrillators, and 9 with coronary artery disease but not heart failure. In CRT patients (median age 65.5 years, interquartile range 63.0-66.8 years, 33% female), RNA-Seq analysis identified 40 genes, including multiple genes associated with the IL-1β pathway, with significant correlations (false discovery rate < 0.05) with four key CRT response measures. CRT was associated with suppression of PBMC expression of IL-1β (1.80-fold decrease, P = 0.047), FOS proto-oncogene (FOS) (3.25-fold decrease, P = 0.01), dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) (2.05-fold decrease, P = 0.001), and early growth response 1 (EGR1) (7.38-fold decrease, P = 0.03), and suppression was greater in responders vs. non-responders (P = 0.03 for IL-1β, P = 0.02 for FOS, P = 0.02 for DUSP1, and P = 0.11 for EGR1). Baseline FOS and DUSP-1 levels were greater in responders vs. non-responders (6.15-fold higher, FOS, P = 0.002; 2.60-fold higher, DUSP1, P = 0.0001). CRT responders but not non-responders showed higher baseline gene expression of FOS (P = 0.04) and DUSP1 (P = 0.06) compared with control patients without heart failure. Baseline serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels were 3.47-fold higher in CRT responders vs. non-responders (P = 0.008).ConclusionTreatment of heart failure with CRT resulted in decreased PBMC expression of genes linked to inflammation. Moreover, CRT responders had higher expression of these inflammatory genes prior to CRT and greater suppression of these genes after CRT compared with non-responders.

Dataset Information

Increasing Regulatory T Cells With Interleukin-2 and Interleukin-2 Antibody Complexes Attenuates Lung Inflammation and Heart Failure Progression.

Publications

Increasing Regulatory T Cells With Interleukin-2 and Interleukin-2 Antibody Complexes Attenuates Lung Inflammation and Heart Failure Progression.

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