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Various neurocognitive deficits and conversion risk in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis.

ABSTRACT: Individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) exhibit neurocognitive deficits in multiple domains. The aim of this study is to investigate whether several components of neurocognition are predictive of conversion to psychosis.Fifty-two CHR individuals were assessed with the Structured Interview for Psychosis Risk Syndromes and completed a battery of neurocognitive tests at baseline including measures of executive functioning, attention, working memory, processing speed and reaction time. Neurocognitive functioning at baseline was scored based on an external normative control group. Most subjects were followed for 2.5 years to determine conversion status.Significant differences in neurocognitive functioning between CHR individuals and the control group were present in all domains. Twenty-six per cent of the participants converted to psychosis within 9.8 (standard deviation?=?8.0) months on average (median 9 months), but there were no significant differences in neurocognition converters and non-converters.Individuals at CHR have deficits in neurocognitive functioning, but such deficits do not appear to be related to conversion risk.

SUBMITTER: Mourik K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5030118 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Various neurocognitive deficits and conversion risk in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis.

Mourik Kees K Decrescenzo Paula P Brucato Gary G Gill Kelly E KE Arndt Leigh L Kimhy David D Keilp John G JG Girgis Ragy R RR

Early intervention in psychiatry 20151210 3

<h4>Aim</h4>Individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) exhibit neurocognitive deficits in multiple domains. The aim of this study is to investigate whether several components of neurocognition are predictive of conversion to psychosis.<h4>Methods</h4>Fifty-two CHR individuals were assessed with the Structured Interview for Psychosis Risk Syndromes and completed a battery of neurocognitive tests at baseline including measures of executive functioning, attention, working memory, process ...[more]

PMID: 26663764

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Project description:BackgroundIn the early intervention in psychosis, ultra-high risk (UHR) criteria have been used to identify individuals who are prone to develop psychosis. Although the transition rate to psychosis in individuals at UHR is 10% to 30% within several years, some individuals at UHR present with poor prognoses even without transition occurring. Therefore, it is important to identify biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of individuals at UHR, regardless of transition. We investigated whether mismatch negativity (MMN) in response to both duration deviant stimuli (dMMN) and frequency deviant stimuli (fMMN) could predict prognosis, including remission and neurocognitive function in individuals at UHR.Materials and methodsIndividuals at UHR (n = 24) and healthy controls (HC; n = 18) participated in this study. In an auditory oddball paradigm, both dMMN and fMMN were measured at baseline. Remission and neurocognitive function after > 180 days were examined in the UHR group. Remission from UHR was defined as functional and symptomatic improvement using the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) score and Scale of Prodromal Symptoms (SOPS) positive subscales. Neurocognitive function was measured using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS). We examined differences in MMN amplitude at baseline between those who achieved remission (remitters) and those who did not (non-remitters). Multiple regression analyses were performed to identify predictors for functioning, positive symptoms, and neurocognitive function.ResultsCompared with the HC group, the UHR group had a significantly attenuated dMMN amplitude (p = 0.003). In the UHR group, GAF scores significantly improved during the follow-up period (mean value 47.1 to 55.5, p = 0.004). The dMMN amplitude at baseline was significantly larger in the remitter (n = 6) than in the non-remitter group (n = 18) (p = 0.039). The total SOPS positive subscale scores and fMMN amplitude at baseline could predict BACS attention subscore at the follow-up point (SOPS positive subscales, p = 0.030; fMMN, p = 0.041).ConclusionOur findings indicate that dMMN and fMMN predicted remission and neurocognitive function, respectively, in individuals at UHR, which suggests that there are both promising biomarker candidates for predicting prognosis in individuals at UHR.

Dataset Information

Various neurocognitive deficits and conversion risk in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis.

Publications

Various neurocognitive deficits and conversion risk in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis.

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