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Self-Replenishable Anti-Waxing Organogel Materials.

ABSTRACT: Solid deposition, such as the formation of ice on outdoor facilities, the deposition of scale in water reservoirs, the sedimentation of fat, oil, and grease (FOG) in sewer systems, and the precipitation of wax in petroleum pipelines, cause a serious waste of resources and irreversible environmental pollution. Inspired by fish and pitcher plants, we present a self-replenishable organogel material which shows ultra-low adhesion to solidified paraffin wax and crude oil by absorption of low-molar-mass oil from its crude-oil environment. Adhesion of wax on the organogel surface was over 500?times lower than adhesion to conventional material surfaces and the wax was found to slide off under the force of gravity. This design concept of a gel with decreased adhesion to wax and oil can be extended to deal with other solid deposition problems.

SUBMITTER: Yao X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5033071 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Self-Replenishable Anti-Waxing Organogel Materials.

Yao Xi X Wu Shuwang S Chen Lie L Ju Jie J Gu Zhandong Z Liu Mingjie M Wang Jianjun J Jiang Lei L

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) 20150617 31

Solid deposition, such as the formation of ice on outdoor facilities, the deposition of scale in water reservoirs, the sedimentation of fat, oil, and grease (FOG) in sewer systems, and the precipitation of wax in petroleum pipelines, cause a serious waste of resources and irreversible environmental pollution. Inspired by fish and pitcher plants, we present a self-replenishable organogel material which shows ultra-low adhesion to solidified paraffin wax and crude oil by absorption of low-molar-ma ...[more]

PMID: 26083324

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Project description:High performance organogel polyelectrolytes were synthesized by super acid catalyst step-growth polycondensation of isatin and the non-activated multiring aromatic p-terphenyl. Subsequently, a chemical modification reaction was carried out to obtained quaternary ammonium functionalized polyelectrolytes through a nucleophilic substitution reaction with (3-bromopropyl)trimethylammonium bromide and potassium carbonate at room temperature. Different functionalization degrees were obtained by controlling the molar ratio of the polymer and the modification agent. The organogel polyelectrolytes were formed due to the high phase segregation and self-assembling observed owing to the amphiphilic character of the material (hydrophobic backbone and hydrophilic fragment grafted). The organogel polyelectrolytes were used to fabricate supercapacitors using two commercial graphite electrodes. These polyelectrolytes displayed good ionic conductivity without the use of another doping agent such as salts, acids or ionic liquids. In this work, a strong correlation of functionalization degree and ionic conductivity of the polyelectrolytes and capacitance of the supercapacitors was observed. The ionic conductivity of the polyelectrolytes reached 0.46 mS cm-1 for the 100% functionalization degree, meanwhile the polyelectrolyte with the 10% functionalization degree shows 0.036 mS cm-1. Li-doped polyelectrolytes showed higher ionic conductivity due the presence of extra ionic charges (2.26 and 0.2 mS cm-1 for the polyelectrolytes with the 100% and 10% of functionalization degree, respectively). The principal novelty of this work lies in the possibility of modulating the ionic conductivity of organogels and the capacitance of supercapacitors by chemical modifications. The capacitance of the supercapacitors was 1.17 mF cm-2 for the 100% functionalized polyelectrolyte and is higher in comparison with the polyelectrolyte with 10% functionalization degree (0.68 mF cm-2) measured at a discharge current of 52 μA cm-2 by galvanostatic charge discharge technique. Additionally, when lithium salt (lithium triflate) was added, the polyelectrolytes retained a gel consistency, increasing the ionic conductivity and capacitance. For the doped polyelectrolytes, the areal capacitance reaches 1.37 mF cm-2 for the 100% functionalization degree polyelectrolyte with lithium triflate. These organogel polyelectrolytes open the possibility to design flexible and all solid-state supercapacitors without the risk of leakage.

Dataset Information

Self-Replenishable Anti-Waxing Organogel Materials.

Publications

Self-Replenishable Anti-Waxing Organogel Materials.

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