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Platycodon grandiflorus Root Extract Attenuates Body Fat Mass, Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance through the Interplay between the Liver and Adipose Tissue.

ABSTRACT: The Platycodon grandiflorus root, a Korean medicinal food, is well known to have beneficial effects on obesity and diabetes. In this study, we demonstrated the metabolic effects of P. grandiflorus root ethanol extract (PGE), which is rich in platycodins, on diet-induced obesity. C57BL/6J mice (four-week-old males) were fed a normal diet (16.58% of kilocalories from fat), high-fat diet (HFD, 60% of kilocalories from fat), and HFD supplemented with 5% (w/w) PGE. In the HFD-fed mice, PGE markedly suppressed the body weight gain and white fat mass to normal control level, with simultaneous increase in the expression of thermogenic genes (such as SIRT1, PPAR?, PGC1?, and UCP1), that accompanied changes in fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and energy expenditure. In addition, PGE improved insulin sensitivity through activation of the PPAR? expression, which upregulates adiponectin while decreasing leptin gene expression in adipocytes. Furthermore, PGE improved hepatic steatosis by suppressing hepatic lipogenesis while increasing expression of FAO-associated genes such as PGC1?. PGE normalized body fat and body weight, which is likely associated with the increased energy expenditure and thermogenic gene expression. PGE can protect from HFD-induced insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis by controlling lipid and glucose metabolism.

SUBMITTER: Kim YJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5037519 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Platycodon grandiflorus Root Extract Attenuates Body Fat Mass, Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance through the Interplay between the Liver and Adipose Tissue.

Kim Ye Jin YJ Choi Ji-Young JY Ryu Ri R Lee Jeonghyeon J Cho Su-Jung SJ Kwon Eun-Young EY Lee Mi-Kyung MK Liu Kwang-Hyeon KH Rina Yu Y Sung Mi-Kyung MK Choi Myung-Sook MS

Nutrients 20160830 9

The Platycodon grandiflorus root, a Korean medicinal food, is well known to have beneficial effects on obesity and diabetes. In this study, we demonstrated the metabolic effects of P. grandiflorus root ethanol extract (PGE), which is rich in platycodins, on diet-induced obesity. C57BL/6J mice (four-week-old males) were fed a normal diet (16.58% of kilocalories from fat), high-fat diet (HFD, 60% of kilocalories from fat), and HFD supplemented with 5% (w/w) PGE. In the HFD-fed mice, PGE markedly s ...[more]

PMID: 27589792

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Project description:BackgroundAcute lung injury (ALI), an acute inflammatory lung disease, can cause a rapid inflammatory response in clinic, which endangers the patient's life. The components of platycodon grandiflorum, such as platycodins have a wide range of pharmacological activities such as expectorant, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anti-oxidant properties, and can be used for improving human immunity. Previous studies have shown that aqueous extract of platycodon grandiflorum (PAE) has a certain protective effect on ALI, but the main pharmacodynamic components and the mechanism of action are not clear.MethodsThe anti-inflammatory properties of PAE were studied using the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI animal model. Hematoxylin and eosin stains were used to assess the degree of acute lung damage. Changes in RNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lungs were measured using quantitative RT-qPCR. The potential molecular mechanism of PAE preventing ALI was predicted by lipidomics and network pharmacology. To examine the anti-apoptotic effects of PAE, TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) was employed to determine apoptosis-related variables. The amounts of critical pathway proteins and apoptosis-related proteins were measured using Western blotting.ResultsTwenty-six chemical components from the PAE were identified, and their related pathways were obtained by the network pharmacology. Combined with the analysis of network pharmacology and literature, it was found that the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway is related to ALI. The results of lipidomics show that PAE alleviates ALI via regulating lung lipids especially phosphatidylinositol (PI). Finally, the methods of molecular biology were used to verify the mechanism of PAE. It can be found that PAE attenuates the inflammatory response to ALI by inhibiting apoptosis through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.ConclusionThe study revealed that the PAE attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in mouse lungs by inhibiting PI3K/Akt signaling. Furthermore, our findings provide a novel strategy for the application of PAE as a potential agent for preventing patients with ALI.

Dataset Information

Platycodon grandiflorus Root Extract Attenuates Body Fat Mass, Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance through the Interplay between the Liver and Adipose Tissue.

Publications

Platycodon grandiflorus Root Extract Attenuates Body Fat Mass, Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance through the Interplay between the Liver and Adipose Tissue.

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