Novel Single-Stranded DNA Circular Viruses in Pericardial Fluid of Patient with Recurrent Pericarditis.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Halary S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5038422 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BACKGROUND: In addition to vertical transmission, organisms can also acquire genes from other distantly related species or from their extra-chromosomal elements (plasmids and viruses) via horizontal gene transfer (HGT). It has been suggested that phages represent substantial forces in prokaryotic evolution. In eukaryotes, retroviruses, which can integrate into host genome as an obligate step in their replication strategy, comprise approximately 8% of the human genome. Unlike retroviruses, few members of other virus families are known to transfer genes to host genomes. RESULTS: Here we performed a systematic search for sequences related to circular single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses in publicly available eukaryotic genome databases followed by comprehensive phylogenetic analysis. We conclude that the replication initiation protein (Rep)-related sequences of geminiviruses, nanoviruses and circoviruses have been frequently transferred to a broad range of eukaryotic species, including plants, fungi, animals and protists. Some of the transferred viral genes were conserved and expressed, suggesting that these genes have been coopted to assume cellular functions in the host genomes. We also identified geminivirus-like and parvovirus-like transposable elements in genomes of fungi and lower animals, respectively, and thereby provide direct evidence that eukaryotic transposons could derive from ssDNA viruses. CONCLUSIONS: Our discovery extends the host range of circular ssDNA viruses and sheds light on the origin and evolution of these viruses. It also suggests that ssDNA viruses act as an unforeseen source of genetic innovation in their hosts.
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Project description:BackgroundHaemorrhagic pericardial effusion (PE) has been described in pericarditis due to infection, neoplasm, collagen vascular disease, uraemia, pericardial inflammation after acute myocardial infarction, trauma, irradiation, and idiopathic pericarditis. Patients with large haemorrhagic PE develop recurrence or constrictive pericarditis (CP) frequently as complication without being treated intensively.Case summaryA 22-year-old female patient with a previous episode of pericarditis with severe PE was admitted for acute pericarditis. Three days before, she was evaluated at the emergency department and presented normal laboratory workup and no significant findings in the transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE). A new TTE showed severe PE and laboratory work-up showed low haemoglobin levels. Fifteen days later, due to slow evolution, a left anterior mini-thoracotomy pericardial window procedure was performed finding minimal haemorrhagic PE with clots. We performed a complete work-up for a cause without significant findings and treated intensely to prevent recurrence or CP.DiscussionThis is a case of recurrent haemorrhagic PE due to idiopathic pericarditis. Physicians should perform an intensive workup in order to find the cause because of its clinical implications and possible treatments. An intensive treatment must be initiated as soon as possible to prevent recurrence or CP.
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Project description:BackgroundTicks are medically important vectors capable of transmitting a variety of pathogens to and between host species. Although the spectrum of tick-borne RNA viruses has been frequently investigated, the diversity of tick-borne DNA viruses remains largely unknown.MethodsA total of 1571 ticks were collected from forests and infested animals, and the diversity of the viruses they harbored was profiled using a DNA-specific virome method. The viromic data were phylogenetically analyzed and validated by PCR assays.ResultsAlthough diverse and abundant prokaryotic viruses were identified in the collected ticks, only eukaryotic DNA viruses with single-stranded circular genomes covering the anelloviruses and circular replication-associated (Rep) protein-encoding single-stranded (CRESS) DNA viruses were recovered from ticks. Anelloviruses were detected only in two tick pools, but CRESS DNA viruses were prevalent across these ticks except in one pool of Dermacentor spp. ticks. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that these tick-borne CRESS DNA viruses were related to viruses recovered from animal feces, tissues and even environmental samples, suggesting that their presence may be largely explained by environmental factors rather than by tick species and host blood meals.ConclusionsBased on the results, tick-borne eukaryotic DNA viruses appear to be much less common than eukaryotic RNA viruses. Investigations involving a wider collection area and more diverse tick species are required to further support this speculation.
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