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Neurologic Examination at 24 to 48 Hours Predicts Functional Outcomes in Basilar Artery Occlusion Stroke.

ABSTRACT: Accurate long-term outcome prognostication in basilar artery occlusion strokes may guide clinical management in the subacute stage. We determine the prognostic value of the follow-up neurological examination using the National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) and identify 24- to 48-hour NIHSS risk categories in basilar artery occlusion patients.Participants of an observational registry of radiologically confirmed acute basilar artery occlusion (BASICS [Basilar Artery International Cooperation Study]) with prospectively collected 24- to 48-hour NIHSS and 1-month modified Rankin scale scores were included. Uni- and multivariable modeling were performed to identify independent predictors of poor outcome. Predictive powers of baseline and 24- to 48-hour NIHSS for poor outcome (modified Rankin scale, 4-6) and 1-month mortality were determined by receiver operating characteristic analyses. Classification and regression tree analysis was performed to identify risk groups.Three hundred seventy-six of 619 BASICS participants were included, of whom 65.4% had poor outcome. In multivariable analyses, 24- to 48-hour NIHSS (odds ratio=1.28 [1.21-1.35]), history of minor stroke (odds ratio=2.64 [1.04-6.74], time to treatment >6 hours (odds ratio=3.07 [1.35-6.99]), and age (odds ratio=1.02 [0.99-1.04]) were retained in the final model as predictors of poor outcome. Prognostic power of 24- to 48-hour NIHSS was higher than baseline NIHSS for 1-month poor outcome (area under the curve, 0.92 versus 0.75) and mortality (area under the curve, 0.85 versus 0.72). Classification and regression tree analysis identified five 24- to 48-hour NIHSS risk categories with poor outcome rates of 9.4% (NIHSS 0-4), 36% (NIHSS 5-11), 84.3% (NIHSS 12-22), 96.1% (NIHSS 23-27), and 100% (NIHSS?28).Twenty-four- to 48-hour NIHSS accurately predicts 1-month poor outcome and mortality and represents a clinically valuable prognostic tool for the care of basilar artery occlusion patients.

SUBMITTER: Rangaraju S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5039114 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Neurologic Examination at 24 to 48 Hours Predicts Functional Outcomes in Basilar Artery Occlusion Stroke.

Rangaraju Srikant S Jovin Tudor G TG Frankel Michael M Schonewille Wouter J WJ Algra Ale A Kappelle L Jaap LJ Nogueira Raul G RG

Stroke 20160901 10

<h4>Background and purpose</h4>Accurate long-term outcome prognostication in basilar artery occlusion strokes may guide clinical management in the subacute stage. We determine the prognostic value of the follow-up neurological examination using the National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) and identify 24- to 48-hour NIHSS risk categories in basilar artery occlusion patients.<h4>Methods</h4>Participants of an observational registry of radiologically confirmed acute basilar artery occlus ...[more]

PMID: 27586683

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Project description:IntroductionStroke etiology may affect the prognosis of acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO). This study aimed to estimate the efficacy and safety of endovascular treatment (EVT) in BAO strokes due to the underlying stroke etiologies of large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) and cardioembolism (CE).Patients and methodsPatients with LAA and CE subtypes from the registry EVT for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion Study (BASILAR) were selected for this analysis. We estimated the EVT treatment effect relative to standard medical treatment (SMT) in these patients by using a propensity score approach with inverse probability of treatment weighted estimation. Outcomes included 90-day favorable functional outcomes (modified Rankin scale (mRS) 0-3), functional independence (mRS 0-2), all-cause mortality, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH).ResultsA total of 744 patients were included in the final analysis. After weighting with inverse probability of treatment estimation, the patients who, based on their characteristics, were treated with EVT rather than SMT, demonstrated higher rates of favorable functional outcomes in both the LAA (29.2% vs 11.7%, adjusted OR with 95% CI: 4.34 [2.15-8.78], p < 0.001) and the CE subtype (36.0% vs 8.1%, adjusted OR with 95% CI: 9.14 [1.96-42.55], p = 0.005). A similar finding was also observed for functional independence. EVT patients also demonstrated lower rates of mortality than SMT. Among EVT patients, no significant difference was observed in mortality or sICH between LAA and CE groups, but LAA patients had lower rates of favorable functional outcome and functional independence (29.2% vs 37% and 24.2% vs 32.9%, respectively), where the latter remained significant after adjustment for imbalances in baseline data (p = 0.04).ConclusionsIn acute BAO strokes, both LAA and CE patients who, based on their characteristics, were treated with EVT rather than SMT, demonstrated better outcomes. Among EVT patients, LAA and CE subtypes displayed important baseline and treatment differences, and LAA patients were less likely to achieve functional independence at 3 months, but mortality and sICH were similar between LAA or CE subtypes. These results need to be confirmed in future clinical trials.

Project description:Background and aimsBasilar artery occlusion is a most devastating form of stroke, and the current practice is to reverse it with revascularization therapies. Pharmacological thrombolysis, intravenous or intraarterial, has been adjuncted or replaced with invasive, endovascular thrombectomy procedures. The preferred approach remains unknown and many recanalizations are futile with no clinical benefit. We sought to determine reasons for futility and weigh the existing reports to find whether endovascular mechanical interventions provide superior outcomes over pharmacological thrombolysis alone.MethodsAfter analyzing systematically the reports of outcomes produced by variable basilar artery occlusion recanalization protocols, information was retrieved and reconciled from 15 reports published from year 2005 comprising 803 patients in 17 cohorts. In the largest single-center cohort (162, Helsinki), predictors of futile recanalization (three-month modified Rankin Scale score 4 to 6) were determined.ResultsGood outcome was reported by mechanical approaches either alone or on demand more frequently than by pharmacological, intravenous or intraarterial thrombolysis protocols (35.5% versus 24.4%, p < 0.001), accompanied by higher recanalization rates (84.1% versus 70.9%, p < 0.001). Along with superior recanalization rate at 91%, good outcome was reached by primary thrombectomy in 36% at the cost of substantial futile recanalization rate at 60%, which was lower when using modern stentrievers only (52.8%). In the Helsinki cohort, the single most significant predictor was extensive baseline ischemia, increasing the odds of futility 20-fold (95%CI 4.39-92.29, p < 0.001). Other attributes of futility were ventilation support and history of atrial fibrillation or previous stroke.ConclusionsEndovascular mechanical approaches have been reported to provide superior outcomes over pharmacological thrombolysis in basilar artery occlusion. Stricter patient selection, most notably to exclude victims of already extended ischemia, would assist in translating excellent recanalization rates into improved clinical outcomes and more acceptable futility rates.

Project description:BackgroundRegional eloquence of brainstem structures may contribute to neurological status in basilar artery occlusion (BAO) stroke. The corticospinal tract (CST) which is vulnerable to BAO is important for motor activity. This study investigated the impact of CST salvage on outcomes and its associated factors in patients with BAO treated with thrombectomy.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated 88 patients with BAO admitted ≤24 h after onset and presented with motor deficits and who underwent thrombectomy. Patients with a pre-stroke modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 4-5 who did not undergo baseline brain computed tomography angiography were excluded. CST salvage was evaluated using follow-up imaging (magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] or computed tomography when MRI was not available) after thrombectomy. A good outcome was defined as a 3-month mRS score of ≤2 or 3 if a patient's pre-stroke mRS score was 3. The associations between CST salvage and outcomes and clinical parameters were analyzed using logistic regression analyses.ResultsThirty-nine (44.3%) patients had CST salvage and the same number of patients had good outcomes. CST salvage was independently associated with a good outcome [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 18.52, 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.31-79.67, p < 0.001]. After adjusting for confounders, atrial fibrillation (aOR: 3.92, 95% CI: 1.18-13.00, p = 0.026), location of occlusion (mid-BAO; aOR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.06-0.72, p = 0.013), length of occlusion (involved segment of BAO <2; aOR: 4.77, 95% CI: 1.30-17.59, p = 0.019), and onset-to-puncture-time ≤180 min (aOR: 4.84, 95% CI: 1.13-20.75, p = 0.034) were significantly associated with CST salvage.ConclusionCST salvage was associated with good functional outcomes in patients with BAO treated with thrombectomy. The presence of atrial fibrillation, location and length of BAO may predict CST salvage after thrombectomy, and rapid treatment with thrombectomy may protect this eloquent tract in these patients.

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Neurologic Examination at 24 to 48 Hours Predicts Functional Outcomes in Basilar Artery Occlusion Stroke.

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Neurologic Examination at 24 to 48 Hours Predicts Functional Outcomes in Basilar Artery Occlusion Stroke.

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