Dataset Information

Retrospective Analysis of the Equine Influenza Virus A/Equine/Kirgizia/26/1974 (H7N7) Isolated in Central Asia.

ABSTRACT: A retrospective phylogenetic characterization of the hemagglutinin, neuraminidase and nucleoprotein genes of equine influenza virus A/equine/Kirgizia/26/1974 (H7N7) which caused an outbreak in Kirgizia (a former Soviet Union republic, now Kyrgyzstan) in 1977 was conducted. It was defined that it was closely related to the strain London/1973 isolated in Europe and it shared a maximum nucleotide sequence identity at 99% with it. This Central Asian equine influenza virus isolate did not have any specific genetic signatures and can be considered as an epizootic strain of 1974 that spread in Europe. The absence of antibodies to this subtype EI virus (EIV) in recent research confirms its disappearance as of the 1990s when the antibodies were last found in unvaccinated horses.

SUBMITTER: Karamendin K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5039435 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Retrospective Analysis of the Equine Influenza Virus A/Equine/Kirgizia/26/1974 (H7N7) Isolated in Central Asia.

Karamendin Kobey K Kydyrmanov Aidyn A Sayatov Marat M Strochkov Vitaliy V Sandybayev Nurlan N Sultankulova Kulaysan K

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) 20160810 3

A retrospective phylogenetic characterization of the hemagglutinin, neuraminidase and nucleoprotein genes of equine influenza virus A/equine/Kirgizia/26/1974 (H7N7) which caused an outbreak in Kirgizia (a former Soviet Union republic, now Kyrgyzstan) in 1977 was conducted. It was defined that it was closely related to the strain London/1973 isolated in Europe and it shared a maximum nucleotide sequence identity at 99% with it. This Central Asian equine influenza virus isolate did not have any sp ...[more]

PMID: 27517962

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Project description:Equine influenza virus (EIV) causes severe acute respiratory disease in horses. Currently, the strains belonging to the H3N8 subtype are divided into two clades, Florida clade 1 (FC1) and Florida clade 2 (FC2), which emerged in 2002. Both FC1 and FC2 clades were reported in Asian and Middle East countries in the last decade. In this study, we described the evolution, epidemiology, and molecular characteristic of the EIV lineages, with focus on those detected in Asia from 2007 to 2017. The full genome phylogeny showed that FC1 and FC2 constituted separate and divergent lineages, without evidence of reassortment between the clades. While FC1 evolved as a single lineage, FC2 showed a divergent event around 2004 giving rise to two well-supported and coexisting sublineages, European and Asian. Furthermore, two different spread patterns of EIV in Asian countries were identified. The FC1 outbreaks were caused by independent introductions of EIV from the Americas, with the Asian isolates genetically similar to the contemporary American lineages. On the other hand, the FC2 strains detected in Asian mainland countries conformed to an autochthonous monophyletic group with a common ancestor dated in 2006 and showed evidence of an endemic circulation in a local host. Characteristic aminoacidic signature patterns were detected in all viral proteins in both Asian-FC1 and FC2 populations. Several changes were located at the top of the HA1 protein, inside or near antigenic sites. Further studies are needed to assess the potential impact of these antigenic changes in vaccination programs.IMPORTANCE The complex and continuous antigenic evolution of equine influenza viruses (EIVs) remains a major hurdle for vaccine development and the design of effective immunization programs. The present study provides a comprehensive analysis showing the EIV evolutionary dynamics, including the spread and circulation within the Asian continent and its relationship to global EIV populations over a 10-year period. Moreover, we provide a better understanding of EIV molecular evolution in Asian countries and its consequences on the antigenicity. The study underscores the association between the global horse movement and the circulation of EIV in this region. Understanding EIV evolution is imperative in order to mitigate the risk of outbreaks affecting the horse industry and to help with the selection of the viral strains to be included in the formulation of future vaccines.

Project description:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) repress the expression levels of genes by binding to mRNA transcripts, acting as master regulators of cellular processes. Differential expression of miRNAs has been linked to viral-associated diseases involving members of the hepacivirus, herpesvirus, and retrovirus families. In contrast, limited biological and molecular information has been reported on the potential role of cellular miRNAs in the lifecycle of influenza A viruses (infA). In this study, we hypothesize that elucidating the miRNA expression signatures induced by low-pathogenic swine-origin influenza A virus (S-OIV) pandemic H1N1 (2009) and highly pathogenic avian-origin (A-OIV) H7N7 (2003) infections could reveal temporal and strain-specific miRNA fingerprints during the viral lifecycle, shedding important insights into the potential role of cellular miRNAs in host-infA interactions. Using a microfluidic microarray platform, we profiled cellular miRNA expression in human A549 cells infected with S- and A-OIVs at multiple time-points during the viral lifecycle, including global gene expression profiling during S-OIV infection. Using target prediction and pathway enrichment analyses, we identified the key cellular pathways associated with the differentially expressed miRNAs and predicted mRNA targets during infA infection, including immune system, cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and DNA replication and repair. By identifying the specific and dynamic molecular phenotypic changes (microRNAome) triggered by S- and A-OIV infection in human cells, we provide experimental evidence demonstrating a series of temporal- and strain-specific host molecular responses involving different combinatorial contributions of multiple cellular miRNAs. Our results also identify novel potential exosomal miRNA biomarkers associated with pandemic S-OIV and deadly A-OIV-host infection. Control (mock-infected) samples: 12, Infected samples: 6, for each time-point (0, 4, 8, 24, 48 and 72 hours post infection). Seven replicates for each miRNA were found on the microarray chips, for which the median has been retained. The experiment was performed in six replicates.

Dataset Information

Retrospective Analysis of the Equine Influenza Virus A/Equine/Kirgizia/26/1974 (H7N7) Isolated in Central Asia.

Publications

Retrospective Analysis of the Equine Influenza Virus A/Equine/Kirgizia/26/1974 (H7N7) Isolated in Central Asia.

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