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Chaperonin GroEL uses asymmetric and symmetric reaction cycles in response to the concentration of non-native substrate proteins.

ABSTRACT: The Escherichia coli chaperonin GroEL is an essential molecular chaperone that mediates protein folding in association with its cofactor, GroES. It is widely accepted that GroEL alternates the GroES-sealed folding-active rings during the reaction cycle. In other words, an asymmetric GroEL-GroES complex is formed during the cycle, whereas a symmetric GroEL-(GroES)2 complex is not formed. However, this conventional view has been challenged by the recent reports indicating that such symmetric complexes can be formed in the GroEL-GroES reaction cycle. In this review, we discuss the studies of the symmetric GroEL-(GroES)2 complex, focusing on the molecular mechanism underlying its formation. We also suggest that GroEL can be involved in two types of reaction cycles (asymmetric or symmetric) and the type of cycle used depends on the concentration of non-native substrate proteins.

SUBMITTER: Iizuka R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5042173 | biostudies-literature | 2016

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Chaperonin GroEL uses asymmetric and symmetric reaction cycles in response to the concentration of non-native substrate proteins.

Iizuka Ryo R Funatsu Takashi T

Biophysics and physicobiology 20160422

The <i>Escherichia coli</i> chaperonin GroEL is an essential molecular chaperone that mediates protein folding in association with its cofactor, GroES. It is widely accepted that GroEL alternates the GroES-sealed folding-active rings during the reaction cycle. In other words, an asymmetric GroEL-GroES complex is formed during the cycle, whereas a symmetric GroEL-(GroES)<sub>2</sub> complex is not formed. However, this conventional view has been challenged by the recent reports indicating that su ...[more]

PMID: 27924258

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Project description:The double ring-shaped chaperonin GroEL binds a wide range of non-native polypeptides within its central cavity and, together with its cofactor GroES, assists their folding in an ATP-dependent manner. The conformational cycle of GroEL/ES has been studied extensively but little is known about how the environment in the central cavity affects substrate conformation. Here, we use the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein VHL as a model substrate for studying the action of the GroEL/ES system on a bound polypeptide. Fluorescent labeling of pairs of sites on VHL for fluorescence (Förster) resonant energy transfer (FRET) allows VHL to be used to explore how GroEL binding and GroEL/ES/nucleotide binding affect the substrate conformation. On average, upon binding to GroEL, all pairs of labeling sites experience compaction relative to the unfolded protein while single-molecule FRET distributions show significant heterogeneity. Upon addition of GroES and ATP to close the GroEL cavity, on average further FRET increases occur between the two hydrophobic regions of VHL, accompanied by FRET decreases between the N- and C-termini. This suggests that ATP- and GroES-induced confinement within the GroEL cavity remodels bound polypeptides by causing expansion (or racking) of some regions and compaction of others, most notably, the hydrophobic core. However, single-molecule observations of the specific FRET changes for individual proteins at the moment of ATP/GroES addition reveal that a large fraction of the population shows the opposite behavior; that is, FRET decreases between the hydrophobic regions and FRET increases for the N- and C-termini. Our time-resolved single-molecule analysis reveals the underlying heterogeneity of the action of GroES/EL on a bound polypeptide substrate, which might arise from the random nature of the specific binding to the various identical subunits of GroEL, and might help explain why multiple rounds of binding and hydrolysis are required for some chaperonin substrates.

Dataset Information

Chaperonin GroEL uses asymmetric and symmetric reaction cycles in response to the concentration of non-native substrate proteins.

Publications

Chaperonin GroEL uses asymmetric and symmetric reaction cycles in response to the concentration of non-native substrate proteins.

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