Dataset Information

SSB taxes and diet quality in US preschoolers: estimated changes in the 2010 Healthy Eating Index.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Taxing sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has been proposed as a strategy to combat child obesity. Yet it is unclear how a tax on SSBs might influence the overall quality of diet in preschool children. Thus, we use simulated price increases and the 2010 Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2010) to explore the relationship between SSB taxes and diet quality in preschool children.

Methods

Price and purchase data from the 2009-2012 Nielsen Homescan Panel and a two-part marginal effects model were used to estimate relative changes in purchases with a 20% increase in the price of SSBs. Demand elasticities were applied to dietary intake data for children ages 2-5 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2009-2010 and 2011-2012) to estimate the impact of a 20% SSB tax on dietary intake and quality (HEI-2010).

Results

A 20% increase in the price of SSBs was associated with lower total caloric intake (-28 kcal d^-1 , p < 0.01), caloric intake from juice drinks (-20 kcal d^-1 , p < 0.01), added sugars (-4.1 servings d^-1 , p = 0.03), refined grains (-0.63 servings d^-1 , p < 0.01) and total meat (-0.56 servings d^-1 , p < 0.01). Beneficial decreases in empty calories and refined grains were offset by unfavourable changes in fatty acid profile, total protein, vegetables and fruit, such that total HEI scores (0-100 range) were not meaningfully changed with a 20% increase in SSB price (difference: -0.85, p < 0.01).

Conclusions

A 20% tax on SSBs could decrease caloric intake, and intakes of added sugars and SSBs, but may not improve diet quality as an isolated intervention among US preschool children.

SUBMITTER: Ford CN

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5052098 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

SSB taxes and diet quality in US preschoolers: estimated changes in the 2010 Healthy Eating Index.

Ford C N CN Poti J M JM Ng S W SW Popkin B M BM

Pediatric obesity 20160405 2

<h4>Background</h4>Taxing sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has been proposed as a strategy to combat child obesity. Yet it is unclear how a tax on SSBs might influence the overall quality of diet in preschool children. Thus, we use simulated price increases and the 2010 Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2010) to explore the relationship between SSB taxes and diet quality in preschool children.<h4>Methods</h4>Price and purchase data from the 2009-2012 Nielsen Homescan Panel and a two-part marginal effect ...[more]

PMID: 27059293

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Project description:Parental nutrition knowledge and attitudes play a fundamental role in their children's food knowledge. However, little is known about their influence on their children's diet quality and micronutrient intake. Thus, we aimed to assess the association of parental nutrition knowledge and healthy-eating attitudes with their children's adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern and micronutrient adequacy. Parental healthy-eating attitudes and knowledge of the quality of their child's diet as well as anthropometric, lifestyle, and nutrient intake characteristics were recorded with a basal questionnaire that included a 140-item-food frequency-questionnaire. A total of 287 pre-school children were included in the analyses. Intake adequacy was defined using the Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) cut-off point method. We developed a parental nutrition knowledge and healthy-eating attitudes scores and evaluated whether they were independently associated with 1) children's inadequate intake (probability of failing to meet ≥3 EAR) of micronutrients, using logistic regression analyses, and 2) children's diet quality (adherence to the Mediterranean Diet according to a Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for children and adolescents, the KIDMED index), using multiple linear regression models. A higher score in the parental healthy-eating attitudes score was associated with lower risk of failing to meet ≥3 EAR compared with the reference category (odds ratio (OR): 0.3; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.12⁻0.95; p for trend: 0.037) and a higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet in the most adjusted model (β coefficient: 0.34; 95% CI 0.01⁻0.67; p for trend: 0.045). Our results suggest a positive association of parental healthy-eating attitudes with nutritional adequacy and diet quality in a sample of Spanish preschoolers. Public health strategies should focus on encouraging parental healthy-eating attitudes rather than simply educating parents on what to feed their children, recognizing the important influence of parental behavior on children's practices.

Project description:BackgroundMetabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic disorders, including obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and abnormal lipid levels. However, researches on the association between overall dietary quality measured by the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) and the risk of metabolic syndrome is still lacking.MethodsThis study utilized data from four cycles (2011-2018) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database, including 17,582 participants. Logistic regression analysis was employed to explore the correlation between HEI and the risk of metabolic syndrome. Additionally, mediation analysis was conducted to examine the effects of Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) and serum uric acid as potential mediators between HEI and metabolic syndrome risk. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression evaluated the composite exposure impact of the 13 components of the HEI on metabolic syndrome, as well as the proportion of their weights.ResultsHigher dietary quality measured by HEI-2015 (at the 75th percentile) was negatively correlated with the risk of metabolic syndrome (OR=0.80, 95%CI=0.72-0.89, P=0.003). Higher SII and serum uric acid levels were identified as risk factors for metabolic syndrome (P for trend<0.001). Approximately 37.5% of the effect of HEI on metabolic syndrome occurrence was mediated by SII (Indirect effect=-0.002, 95%CI (-0.003,-0.001), Direct effect=-0.022, 95%CI (-0.0273,-0.015)). Additionally, 25% of the effect of HEI on metabolic syndrome occurrence was mediated by serum uric acid levels (Indirect effect=-0.006, 95%CI (-0.010,-0.012), Direct effect=-0.024, 95%CI (-0.041,-0.009)). WQS regression analysis revealed the highest weighted proportions for seafood and plant proteins (25.20%) and sodium (17.79%), while the weight for whole fruit was the lowest (0.25%).ConclusionBetter dietary quality measured by HEI-2015 was associated with a lower likelihood of metabolic syndrome. Higher SII and serum uric acid levels were identified as risk factors for metabolic syndrome and potential mediators.

Dataset Information

SSB taxes and diet quality in US preschoolers: estimated changes in the 2010 Healthy Eating Index.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

SSB taxes and diet quality in US preschoolers: estimated changes in the 2010 Healthy Eating Index.

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