Dataset Information

Temporal Code-Driven Stimulation: Definition and Application to Electric Fish Signaling.

ABSTRACT: Closed-loop activity-dependent stimulation is a powerful methodology to assess information processing in biological systems. In this context, the development of novel protocols, their implementation in bioinformatics toolboxes and their application to different description levels open up a wide range of possibilities in the study of biological systems. We developed a methodology for studying biological signals representing them as temporal sequences of binary events. A specific sequence of these events (code) is chosen to deliver a predefined stimulation in a closed-loop manner. The response to this code-driven stimulation can be used to characterize the system. This methodology was implemented in a real time toolbox and tested in the context of electric fish signaling. We show that while there are codes that evoke a response that cannot be distinguished from a control recording without stimulation, other codes evoke a characteristic distinct response. We also compare the code-driven response to open-loop stimulation. The discussed experiments validate the proposed methodology and the software toolbox.

SUBMITTER: Lareo A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5052257 | biostudies-literature | 2016

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Temporal Code-Driven Stimulation: Definition and Application to Electric Fish Signaling.

Lareo Angel A Forlim Caroline G CG Pinto Reynaldo D RD Varona Pablo P Rodriguez Francisco de Borja FB

Frontiers in neuroinformatics 20161006

Closed-loop activity-dependent stimulation is a powerful methodology to assess information processing in biological systems. In this context, the development of novel protocols, their implementation in bioinformatics toolboxes and their application to different description levels open up a wide range of possibilities in the study of biological systems. We developed a methodology for studying biological signals representing them as temporal sequences of binary events. A specific sequence of these ...[more]

PMID: 27766078

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Project description:Background. Electrical neuromodulation remains an effective therapy for multiple neurological disorders. One strategy to electrically stimulate nerves utilizes the interference of multiple high frequency waveforms. This technique, known as temporal interference stimulation or interferential current stimulation, has recently gained significant attention as a method to improve the state-of-the-art in neurostimulation in both animal studies and human clinical trials.Objective.Here we report our investigation into the fundamental properties of the neuronal response to these types of waveforms-the effects of carrier and envelope frequencies, thresholds, firing behavior, and phase and asymmetric interference patterns.Methods.We utilized a cuff electrode on the rat sciatic nerve to apply a variety of interferential signals. We recorded muscle activity in the plantar muscles and biceps femoris, which are proxies for activity on two of the major branches of the sciatic, which are spatially distinct in the target volume. We tested both fundamental recruitment properties as well as spatial techniques to selectively activate either muscle group.Results.Our data suggest, contrary to the currently accepted explanation, that neurons do not extract envelopes at all, and that the response to these signals is well explained by a resistor-capacitor (i.e. integrator) membrane with a fixed firing threshold. Basic interference techniques do not change recruitment far from electrodes. Techniques can produce regions of both phasic activation and tonic activation/conduction block.Conclusions.An integrator model suggests that interference techniques are less capable of minimally invasive stimulation for a subcortical brain target than previously thought. Human clinical trials using these techniques should reevaluate their methods. Interference stimulation allows significant target selectivity in a peripheral cuff electrode with targets near electrodes. These techniques can allow spatially distinct regions of phasic firing, tonic firing, conduction block, and no effect.

Project description:Electric fishes have independently evolved six times. Most of these fish are weakly electric and they use their discharge mainly for orientation and communication. In the African weakly electric fish genus Campylomormyrus, electric organ discharge (EOD) signals are strikingly different in shape and duration among closely related species, they contribute to pre-zygotic isolation and may have triggered an adaptive radiation. We performed mRNA sequencing on electric organs (EOs) and skeletal muscle (SMs; from which the EOs derive) from three species with short (0.4 ms), medium (5 ms), and long (40 ms) EODs and two different cross-species hybrids. Using pairwise comparison of differential gene expression between EOs and SMs, we identified 1,444 up regulated genes in EO shared by all five species/hybrids cohorts, rendering them candidate genes for EO-specific properties in Campylomormyrus. To understand how gene expression contributes to the variation in EOD duration, we made cross species comparisons among species and tissue. We identified three types of EOD-duration-related expression patterns and several candidate genes, including KCNJ2, KLF5 and SLC24a2, their upregulation may contribute to increased EOD duration, along with a down-regulated gene KCNK6. Hybrids between a short (C. compressirostris) and a long (C. rhynchophorus) discharging species exhibit EODs of intermediate duration and showed imbalanced expression of KCNJ2 alleles. The preferential expression of the C. rhynchophorus allele is in line with a higher expression level in that parental species and points towards a cis-regulatory difference at this locus, relative to EOD duration. A further candidate gene, KLF5, is a transcription factor potentially balancing potassium channel gene expression, a crucial process for the formation of an EOD. Unraveling the genetic basis of the species-specific modulation of the EOD in Campylomormyrus is crucial for understanding the adaptive radiation of this emerging model taxon of ecological (perhaps even sympatric) speciation.

Dataset Information

Temporal Code-Driven Stimulation: Definition and Application to Electric Fish Signaling.

Publications

Temporal Code-Driven Stimulation: Definition and Application to Electric Fish Signaling.

Similar Datasets

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