Dataset Information

Olfactory Dysfunction Is Associated with the Intake of Macronutrients in Korean Adults.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Olfactory function can impact food selection. However, few large population-based studies have investigated this effect across different age groups. The objective of this study was to assess the association between subjective olfactory dysfunction (anosmia or hyposmia) and macronutrient intake.

Methods

A total of 24,990 participants aged 20 to 98 years were evaluated based on data collected through the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2008 through 2012. Olfactory dysfunction was surveyed using a self-reported questionnaire, and the nutritional status was assessed through a validated 24-hour recall method. Simple and multiple linear regression analyses with complex sampling were performed to evaluate the relationships between olfactory dysfunction and protein intake (daily protein intake/recommended protein intake [%]), carbohydrate intake (daily carbohydrate intake/total calories [%]), and fat intake (daily fat intake/total calories [%]) after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, income, smoking history, alcohol consumption, and stress level.

Results

Olfactory dysfunction was reported by 5.4% of Korean adults and was found to be associated with decreased fat consumption (estimated value [EV] of fat intake [%] = -0.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -1.13 to -0.13, P = 0.045). A subgroup analysis according to age and sex revealed that among young females, olfactory dysfunction was associated with reduced fat consumption (EV = -2.30, 95% CI = -4.16 to -0.43, P = 0.016) and increased carbohydrate intake (EV = 2.80, 95% CI = 0.55 to 5.05, P = 0.015), and that among middle-aged females, olfactory dysfunction was also associated with reduced fat intake (EV = -1.26, 95% CI = -2.37 to -0.16, P = 0.025). In contrast, among young males, olfactory dysfunction was associated with reduced protein intake (EV = -26.41 95% CI = -45.14 to -7.69, P = 0.006).

Conclusion

Olfactory dysfunction was associated with reduced fat intake. Moreover, olfactory dysfunction exerted differential effects on eating behavior depending on age and sex.

SUBMITTER: Kong IG

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5056727 | biostudies-literature | 2016

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Olfactory Dysfunction Is Associated with the Intake of Macronutrients in Korean Adults.

Kong Il Gyu IG Kim So Young SY Kim Min-Su MS Park Bumjung B Kim Jin-Hwan JH Choi Hyo Geun HG

PloS one 20161010 10

<h4>Background</h4>Olfactory function can impact food selection. However, few large population-based studies have investigated this effect across different age groups. The objective of this study was to assess the association between subjective olfactory dysfunction (anosmia or hyposmia) and macronutrient intake.<h4>Methods</h4>A total of 24,990 participants aged 20 to 98 years were evaluated based on data collected through the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2008 thr ...[more]

PMID: 27723843

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Project description:Water is essential for the proper functioning of the body. Even though a recommendation exists for adequate water intake for Koreans, studies identifying actual water intake from all beverages and foods consumed daily in the Korean population are limited. Thus, we estimated total water intake from both beverages and foods and its association with energy intake and eating behaviors in Korean adults. We used a nationally representative sample of 25,122 Korean adults aged ?19 years, from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2012. We performed multiple regression analyses, adjusting for sociodemographic and health-related variables to investigate the contribution of overall energy and dietary intakes and eating behaviors to total water intake. The mean total water intake excluding plain water was 1071 g (398 g from beverages and 673 g from foods) and the estimated plain water intake was 1.3 L. Among Korean adults, 82% consumed beverages (excluding plain water) and these beverages contributed to 10% of daily energy intake and 32% of total water intake from beverages and foods. For every 100 kcal/day in energy intake, water intake consumed through beverages and foods increased by 18 g and 31 g, respectively. Water intake from beverages and foods was positively associated with energy from fat and dietary calcium, but inversely associated with energy density and energy from carbohydrates. When there was a 5% increase in energy intake from snacks and eating outside the home, there was an increase in water intake from beverages of 13 g and 2 g, respectively. Increased daily energy intake, the number of eating episodes, and energy intake from snacks and eating outside the home predicted higher water intake from beverages and foods. Our results provide evidence suggesting that various factors, including sociodemographic status, dietary intakes, and eating behaviors, could be important contributors to the water intake of Korean adults. Findings from this cross-sectional analysis may provide insight into strategies for promoting adequate water intake among Koreans.

Project description:Abstract Objectives Genetic variation contributes to individual differences in food preference, dietary habit, and nutrient intake, thus affecting nutritional status. Although studies which showed the relevance between genetic differences and the intake of nutrients such as carotenoid, vitamin E, and fat are available, more studies are needed for implementation of precision nutrition. Objective of the study was to investigate genetic variations that are associated with nutrient intake and taste sensitivity. Methods A total of 100 healthy adults (50 men and 50 women) aged 25–35 y who were free of diseases were recruited. Anthropometric measurements, clinical parameters including CBC, lipid profile, glucose level, and liver function tests, dietary intake data using 3-day food record, and taste sensitivity for salty and sweet tastes were determined. A total of 800,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed by Theragen Etex using Theragen Precision Medicine Research Array (PMRA) chips. Results A total of 577,164 qualified SNPs were analyzed and three SNPs that might have significant relevance with energy intake (rs75052357, rs1125186, rs73471118) were identified. Carriers of the C allele in rs75052357 (C > T), which is identified in IQGAP1 loci, showed significantly higher fat mass (CC: 16.16 ± 3.52 kg, TC: 14.26 ± 3.58 kg, TT: 12.43 ± 3.83 kg) and higher % body fat (CC: 25.68 ± 5.40%, TC: 22.79 ± 6.10%, TT: 20.60 ± 7.52%) despite a lower energy intake (CC: 1782.2 ± 445.5 kcal, TC: 2212.5 ± 424.1 kcal, TT: 2315.0 ± 892.6 kcal). Carriers of G allele in rs1125186 (G > C) had significantly higher fat mass (CC: 13.34 ± 16.22 kg, CG: 16.22 ± 3.48 kg, GG: 15.67 ± 3.63 kg) in spite of lower energy intake compared with CC carriers (CC: 2222.5 ± 515.9 kcal, CG: 1927.9 ± 452.6 kcal, GG: 1745.7 ± 476.7 kcal). Carriers of T allele in rs73471118 (C > T) had significantly higher energy intake (CC: 1815.5 ± 445.0 kcal, TC: 2726.5 ± 490.6 kcal), while having lower threshold for sweet taste (CC: 8.94 ± 8.51 g/L TC: 0.40 ± 0.00 g/L). Conclusions Novel SNPs showing associations between energy consumption and fat mass or sugar taste sensitivity have been identified. This finding can help developing personalized recommendation for energy intake, however, further studies to delineate the mechanisms are needed. Funding Sources Supported by Seoul National University Research Grant in 2018.

Dataset Information

Olfactory Dysfunction Is Associated with the Intake of Macronutrients in Korean Adults.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Olfactory Dysfunction Is Associated with the Intake of Macronutrients in Korean Adults.

Similar Datasets

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