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Hinokitiol protects primary neuron cells against prion peptide-induced toxicity via autophagy flux regulated by hypoxia inducing factor-1.

ABSTRACT: Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders that are derived from structural changes of the native PrPc. Recent studies indicated that hinokitiol induced autophagy known to major function that keeps cells alive under stressful conditions. We investigated whether hinokitiol induces autophagy and attenuates PrP (106-126)-induced neurotoxicity. We observed increase of LC3-II protein level, GFP-LC3 puncta by hinokitiol in neuronal cells. Addition to, electron microscopy showed that hinokitiol enhanced autophagic vacuoles in neuronal cells. We demonstrated that hinokitiol protects against PrP (106-126)-induced neurotoxicity via autophagy by using autophagy inhibitor, wortmannin and 3MA, and ATG5 small interfering RNA (siRNA). We checked hinokitiol activated the hypoxia-inducible factor-1? (HIF-1?) and identified that hinokitiol-induced HIF-1? regulated autophagy. Taken together, this study is the first report demonstrating that hinokitiol protected against prion protein-induced neurotoxicity via autophagy regulated by HIF-1?. We suggest that hinokitiol is a possible therapeutic strategy in neuronal disorders including prion disease.

SUBMITTER: Moon JH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5058655 | biostudies-literature | 2016 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Hinokitiol protects primary neuron cells against prion peptide-induced toxicity via autophagy flux regulated by hypoxia inducing factor-1.

Moon Ji-Hong JH Lee Ju-Hee JH Lee You-Jin YJ Park Sang-Youel SY

Oncotarget 20160501 21

Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders that are derived from structural changes of the native PrPc. Recent studies indicated that hinokitiol induced autophagy known to major function that keeps cells alive under stressful conditions. We investigated whether hinokitiol induces autophagy and attenuates PrP (106-126)-induced neurotoxicity. We observed increase of LC3-II protein level, GFP-LC3 puncta by hinokitiol in neuronal cells. Addition to, electron microscopy showed that hinokiti ...[more]

PMID: 27074563

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Project description:Simple Summary DnaJB6 is a human cellular protein quality control factor that prevents diverse peptides from forming disease-associated amyloid, a highly ordered fibrous protein aggregate. DnaJB6 protects human cells, animals and yeast from toxicity caused by amyloids composed of Huntington’s-related polyglutamine, Parkinson’s-related α-synuclein, and ALS- associated TDP-43, and it cures yeast of endogenous prions (infectious amyloids). However, structurally different amyloids of one and the same prion protein, and prions composed of them, can be insensitive to anti-amyloid activity of DnaJB6. This limitation raises concerns about developing DnaJB6 as a therapeutic for amyloid diseases. Prions showing this insensitivity are highly toxic to yeast with reduced function of Sis1, a yeast protein related to DnaJB6. To begin assessing how DnaJB6 might act on amyloid in cells we tested if DnaJB6 could protect yeast from this toxicity. Although it does not eliminate the prion, it protects cells from prion toxicity, but differently than Sis1. Our work provides insight into how human DnaJB6 counteracts cellular toxicity caused by amyloid and establishes an in vivo genetic system useful for studying DnaJB6-amyloid interactions to decipher its mechanisms of action. Abstract Human J-domain protein (JDP) DnaJB6 has a broad and potent activity that prevents formation of amyloid by polypeptides such as polyglutamine, A-beta, and alpha-synuclein, related to Huntington’s, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s diseases, respectively. In yeast, amyloid-based [PSI+] prions, which rely on the related JDP Sis1 for replication, have a latent toxicity that is exposed by reducing Sis1 function. Anti-amyloid activity of DnaJB6 is very effective against weak [PSI+] prions and the Sup35 amyloid that composes them, but ineffective against strong [PSI+] prions composed of structurally different amyloid of the same Sup35. This difference reveals limitations of DnaJB6 that have implications regarding its therapeutic use for amyloid disease. Here, we find that when Sis1 function is reduced, DnaJB6 represses toxicity of strong [PSI+] prions and inhibits their propagation. Both Sis1 and DnaJB6, which are regulators of protein chaperone Hsp70, counteract the toxicity by reducing excessive incorporation of the essential Sup35 into prion aggregates. However, while Sis1 apparently requires interaction with Hsp70 to detoxify [PSI+], DnaJB6 counteracts prion toxicity by a different, Hsp70-independent mechanism.

Project description:Autophagy is a cellular self-digestion process that mediates protein quality control and serves to protect against neurodegenerative disorders, infections, inflammatory diseases and cancer. Current evidence suggests that autophagy can selectively remove damaged organelles such as the mitochondria. Mitochondria-induced oxidative stress has been shown to play a major role in a wide range of pathologies in several organs, including the heart. Few studies have investigated whether enhanced autophagy can offer protection against mitochondrially-generated oxidative stress. We induced mitochondrial stress in cardiomyocytes using antimycin A (AMA), which increased mitochondrial superoxide generation, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and depressed cellular respiration. In addition, AMA augmented nuclear DNA oxidation and cell death in cardiomyocytes. Interestingly, although oxidative stress has been proposed to induce autophagy, treatment with AMA did not result in stimulation of autophagy or mitophagy in cardiomyocytes. Our results showed that the MTOR inhibitor rapamycin induced autophagy, promoted mitochondrial clearance and protected cardiomyocytes from the cytotoxic effects of AMA, as assessed by apoptotic marker activation and viability assays in both mouse atrial HL-1 cardiomyocytes and human ventricular AC16 cells. Importantly, rapamycin improved mitochondrial function, as determined by cellular respiration, mitochondrial membrane potential and morphology analysis. Furthermore, autophagy induction by rapamycin suppressed the accumulation of ubiquitinylated proteins induced by AMA. Inhibition of rapamycin-induced autophagy by pharmacological or genetic interventions attenuated the cytoprotective effects of rapamycin against AMA. We propose that rapamycin offers cytoprotection against oxidative stress by a combined approach of removing dysfunctional mitochondria as well as by degrading damaged, ubiquitinated proteins. We conclude that autophagy induction by rapamycin could be utilized as a potential therapeutic strategy against oxidative stress-mediated damage in cardiomyocytes.

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Hinokitiol protects primary neuron cells against prion peptide-induced toxicity via autophagy flux regulated by hypoxia inducing factor-1.

Publications

Hinokitiol protects primary neuron cells against prion peptide-induced toxicity via autophagy flux regulated by hypoxia inducing factor-1.

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