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A continuum of admixture in the Western Hemisphere revealed by the African Diaspora genome.

ABSTRACT: The African Diaspora in the Western Hemisphere represents one of the largest forced migrations in history and had a profound impact on genetic diversity in modern populations. To date, the fine-scale population structure of descendants of the African Diaspora remains largely uncharacterized. Here we present genetic variation from deeply sequenced genomes of 642 individuals from North and South American, Caribbean and West African populations, substantially increasing the lexicon of human genomic variation and suggesting much variation remains to be discovered in African-admixed populations in the Americas. We summarize genetic variation in these populations, quantifying the postcolonial sex-biased European gene flow across multiple regions. Moreover, we refine estimates on the burden of deleterious variants carried across populations and how this varies with African ancestry. Our data are an important resource for empowering disease mapping studies in African-admixed individuals and will facilitate gene discovery for diseases disproportionately affecting individuals of African ancestry.

SUBMITTER: Mathias RA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5062574 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A continuum of admixture in the Western Hemisphere revealed by the African Diaspora genome.

Mathias Rasika Ann RA Taub Margaret A MA Gignoux Christopher R CR Fu Wenqing W Musharoff Shaila S O'Connor Timothy D TD Vergara Candelaria C Torgerson Dara G DG Pino-Yanes Maria M Shringarpure Suyash S SS Huang Lili L Rafaels Nicholas N Boorgula Meher Preethi MP Johnston Henry Richard HR Ortega Victor E VE Levin Albert M AM Song Wei W Torres Raul R Padhukasahasram Badri B Eng Celeste C Mejia-Mejia Delmy-Aracely DA Ferguson Trevor T Qin Zhaohui S ZS Scott Alan F AF Yazdanbakhsh Maria M Wilson James G JG Marrugo Javier J Lange Leslie A LA Kumar Rajesh R Avila Pedro C PC Williams L Keoki LK Watson Harold H Ware Lorraine B LB Olopade Christopher C Olopade Olufunmilayo O Oliveira Ricardo R Ober Carole C Nicolae Dan L DL Meyers Deborah D Mayorga Alvaro A Knight-Madden Jennifer J Hartert Tina T Hansel Nadia N NN Foreman Marilyn G MG Ford Jean G JG Faruque Mezbah U MU Dunston Georgia M GM Caraballo Luis L Burchard Esteban G EG Bleecker Eugene E Araujo Maria Ilma MI Herrera-Paz Edwin Francisco EF Gietzen Kimberly K Grus Wendy E WE Bamshad Michael M Bustamante Carlos D CD Kenny Eimear E EE Hernandez Ryan D RD Beaty Terri H TH Ruczinski Ingo I Akey Joshua J Barnes Kathleen C KC

Nature communications 20161011

The African Diaspora in the Western Hemisphere represents one of the largest forced migrations in history and had a profound impact on genetic diversity in modern populations. To date, the fine-scale population structure of descendants of the African Diaspora remains largely uncharacterized. Here we present genetic variation from deeply sequenced genomes of 642 individuals from North and South American, Caribbean and West African populations, substantially increasing the lexicon of human genomic ...[more]

PMID: 27725671

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Project description:ObjectiveOvarian cancer in Black women is common in many West African countries but is relatively rare in North America. Black women have worse survival outcomes when compared to White women. Ovarian cancer histotype, diagnosis, and age at presentation are known prognostic factors for outcome. We sought to conduct a preliminary comparative assessment of these factors across the African diaspora.MethodsPatients diagnosed with ovarian cancer (all histologies) between June 2016-December 2019 in Departments of Pathology at 25 participating sites in Nigeria were identified. Comparative population-based data, inclusive of Caribbean-born Blacks (CBB) and US-born Blacks (USB), were additionally captured from the International Agency for Research on Cancer and Florida Cancer Data Systems. Histology, country of birth, and age at diagnosis data were collected and evaluated across the three subgroups: USB, CBB and Nigerians. Statistical analyses were done using chi-square and student's t-test with significance set at p<0.05.ResultsNigerians had the highest proportion of germ cell tumor (GCT, 11.5%) and sex-cord stromal (SCST, 16.2%) ovarian cancers relative to CBB and USB (p=0.001). CBB (79.4%) and USB (77.3%) women were diagnosed with a larger proportion of serous ovarian cancer than Nigerians (60.4%) (p<0.0001). Nigerians were diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancers at the youngest age (51.7± 12.8 years) relative to USB (58.9 ± 15.0) and CBB (59.0± 13.0,p<0.001). Black women [CBB (25.2 ± 15.0), Nigerians (29.5 ± 15.1), and USB (33.9 ± 17.9)] were diagnosed with GCT younger than White women (35.4 ± 20.5, p=0.011). Black women [Nigerians (47.5 ± 15.9), USB (50.9 ± 18.3) and CBB (50.9 ± 18.3)] were also diagnosed with SCST younger than White women (55.6 ± 16.5, p<0.01).ConclusionThere is significant variation in age of diagnosis and distribution of ovarian cancer histotype/diagnosis across the African diaspora. The etiology of these findings requires further investigation.

Dataset Information

A continuum of admixture in the Western Hemisphere revealed by the African Diaspora genome.

Publications

A continuum of admixture in the Western Hemisphere revealed by the African Diaspora genome.

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