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Evolution-development congruence in pattern formation dynamics: Bifurcations in gene expression and regulation of networks structures.

ABSTRACT: Search for possible relationships between phylogeny and ontogeny is important in evolutionary-developmental biology. Here we uncover such relationships by numerical evolution and unveil their origin in terms of dynamical systems theory. By representing developmental dynamics of spatially located cells with gene expression dynamics with cell-to-cell interaction under external morphogen gradient, gene regulation networks are evolved under mutation and selection with the fitness to approach a prescribed spatial pattern of expressed genes. For most numerical evolution experiments, evolution of pattern over generations and development of pattern by an evolved network exhibit remarkable congruence. Both in the evolution and development pattern changes consist of several epochs where stripes are formed in a short time, while for other temporal regimes, pattern hardly changes. In evolution, these quasi-stationary regimes are generations needed to hit relevant mutations, while in development, they are due to some gene expression that varies slowly and controls the pattern change. The morphogenesis is regulated by combinations of feedback or feedforward regulations, where the upstream feedforward network reads the external morphogen gradient, and generates a pattern used as a boundary condition for the later patterns. The ordering from up to downstream is common in evolution and development, while the successive epochal changes in development and evolution are represented as common bifurcations in dynamical-systems theory, which lead to the evolution-development congruence. Mechanism of exceptional violation of the congruence is also unveiled. Our results provide a new look on developmental stages, punctuated equilibrium, developmental bottlenecks, and evolutionary acquisition of novelty in morphogenesis.

SUBMITTER: Kohsokabe T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5064737 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Evolution-development congruence in pattern formation dynamics: Bifurcations in gene expression and regulation of networks structures.

Kohsokabe Takahiro T Kaneko Kunihiko K

Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution 20160101 1

Search for possible relationships between phylogeny and ontogeny is important in evolutionary-developmental biology. Here we uncover such relationships by numerical evolution and unveil their origin in terms of dynamical systems theory. By representing developmental dynamics of spatially located cells with gene expression dynamics with cell-to-cell interaction under external morphogen gradient, gene regulation networks are evolved under mutation and selection with the fitness to approach a presc ...[more]

PMID: 26678220

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Project description:The communication of neurons is primarily maintained by synapses, which play a crucial role in the functioning of the nervous system. Therefore, synaptic failure may critically impair information processing in the brain and may underlie many neurodegenerative diseases. A number of studies have suggested that synaptic failure may preferentially target neurons with high connectivity (i.e., network hubs). As a result, the activity of these highly connected neurons can be significantly affected. It has been speculated that anesthetics regulate conscious state by affecting synaptic transmission at these network hubs and subsequently reducing overall coherence in the network activity. In addition, hubs in cortical networks are shown to be more vulnerable to amyloid deposition because of their higher activity within the network, causing decrease in coherence patterns and eventually Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we investigate how synaptic failure can affect spatio-temporal dynamics of scale free networks, having a power law scaling of number of connections per neuron - a relatively few neurons (hubs) with a lot of emanating or incoming connections and many cells with low connectivity. We studied two types of synaptic failure: activity-independent and targeted, activity-dependent synaptic failure. We defined scale-free network structures based on the dominating direction of the connections at the hub neurons: incoming and outgoing. We found that the two structures have significantly different dynamical properties. We show that synaptic failure may not only lead to the loss of coherence but unintuitively also can facilitate its emergence. We show that this is because activity-dependent synaptic failure homogenizes the activity levels in the network creating a dynamical substrate for the observed coherence increase. Obtained results may lead to better understanding of changes in large-scale pattern formation during progression of neuro-degenerative diseases targeting synaptic transmission.

Dataset Information

Evolution-development congruence in pattern formation dynamics: Bifurcations in gene expression and regulation of networks structures.

Publications

Evolution-development congruence in pattern formation dynamics: Bifurcations in gene expression and regulation of networks structures.

Similar Datasets

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