Dataset Information

Candidate Gene Expression in Bos indicus Ovarian Tissues: Prepubertal and Postpubertal Heifers in Diestrus.

ABSTRACT: Growth factors such as bone morphogenetic proteins 6, 7, 15, and two isoforms of transforming growth factor-beta (BMP6, BMP7, BMP15, TGFB1, and TGFB2), and insulin-like growth factor system act as local regulators of ovarian follicular development. To elucidate if these factors as well as others candidate genes, such as estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type 2 (BMPR2), type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGFR1), and key steroidogenic enzymes cytochrome P450 aromatase and 3-?-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (CYP19A1 and HSD3B1) could modulate or influence diestrus on the onset of puberty in Brahman heifers, their ovarian mRNA expression was measured before and after puberty (luteal phase). Six postpubertal (POST) heifers were euthanized on the luteal phase of their second cycle, confirmed by corpus luteum observation, and six prepubertal (PRE) heifers were euthanized in the same day. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression of FSHR, BMP7, CYP19A1, IGF1, and IGFR1 mRNA was greater in PRE heifers, when contrasted to POST heifers. The expression of LHR and HSD3B1 was lower in PRE heifers. Differential expression of ovarian genes could be associated with changes in follicular dynamics and different cell populations that have emerged as consequence of puberty and the luteal phase. The emerging hypothesis is that BMP7 and IGF1 are co-expressed and may modulate the expression of FSHR, LHR and IGFR1, and CYP19A1. BMP7 could influence the downregulation of LHR and upregulation of FSHR and CYP19A1, which mediates the follicular dynamics in heifer ovaries. Upregulation of IGF1 expression prepuberty, compared to postpuberty diestrus, correlates with increased levels FSHR and CYP19A1. Thus, BMP7 and IGF1 may play synergic roles and were predicted to interact, from the expression data (P?=?0.07, r?=?0.84). The role of these co-expressed genes in puberty and heifers luteal phase merits further research.

SUBMITTER: Weller MM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5067528 | biostudies-literature | 2016

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Candidate Gene Expression in Bos indicus Ovarian Tissues: Prepubertal and Postpubertal Heifers in Diestrus.

Weller Mayara Morena Del Cambre Amaral MM Fortes Marina Rufino S MR Porto-Neto Laercio R LR Kelly Matthew M Venus Bronwyn B Kidd Lisa L do Rego João Paulo Arcelino JP Edwards Sophia S Boe-Hansen Gry B GB Piper Emily E Lehnert Sigrid A SA Guimarães Simone Eliza Facioni SE Moore Stephen Stewart SS

Frontiers in veterinary science 20161018

Growth factors such as bone morphogenetic proteins 6, 7, 15, and two isoforms of transforming growth factor-beta (BMP6, BMP7, BMP15, TGFB1, and TGFB2), and insulin-like growth factor system act as local regulators of ovarian follicular development. To elucidate if these factors as well as others candidate genes, such as estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), ...[more]

PMID: 27803898

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Project description:High fertility and early puberty in Bos indicus heifers are desirable and genetically correlated traits in beef production. The hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis synthesizes steroid hormones, which contribute to the shift from the pre-pubertal state into the post-pubertal state and influence subsequent fertility. Understanding variations in abundance of proteins that govern steroid synthesis and ovarian signaling pathways remains crucial to understanding puberty and fertility. We used whole ovaries of six pre-pubertal and six post-pubertal Brahman heifers to conduct differential abundance analyses of protein profiles between the two physiological states. Extracted proteins were digested into peptides followed by identification and quantification with massspectrometry (MS) by sequential window acquisition of all instances of theoretical fragment ion mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS). MS and statistical analysis identified 566 significantly differentially abundant (DA) proteins (adjusted p < 0.05), which were then analyzed for gene ontology and pathway enrichment. Our data indicated an up-regulation of steroidogenic proteins contributing to progesterone synthesis at luteal phase post-puberty. Proteins related to progesterone signaling, TGF-β, retinoic acid, extracellular matrix, cytoskeleton, and pleiotrophin signaling were DA in this study. The DA proteins probably relate to the formation and function of the corpus luteum, which is only present after ovulation, post-puberty. Some DA proteins might also be related to granulosa cells signaling, which regulates oocyte maturation or arrest in ovaries prior to ovulation. Ten DA proteins were coded by genes previously associated with reproductive traits according to the animal quantitative trait loci (QTL) database. In conclusion, the DA proteins and their pathways were related to ovarian activity in Bos indicus cattle. The genes that code for these proteins may explain some known QTLs and could be targeted in future genetic studies.

Project description:A 3 yr study evaluated the effects of three preweaning injections of bovine ST, administered 14 d apart, on growth and reproductive performance of Bos indicus-influenced beef heifers. On d 0 of each year, suckling Angus × Brangus heifers (n = 15 heifers/treatment/yr) were stratified by BW (147 ± 20 kg) and age (134 ± 11 d) and randomly assigned to receive an s.c. injection of saline (SAL; 5 mL; 0.9% NaCl) or 250 mg of sometribove zinc (BST; Posilac, Elanco, Greenfield, IN) on d 0, 14, and 28. Heifers and respective dams were managed as a single group on bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) pastures from d 0 until weaning (d 127). From d 127 to 346, heifers were grouped by treatment, allocated to bahiagrass pastures (1 pasture/treatment/yr) and fed a molasses-based supplement (2.9 kg/heifer daily; DM basis) until d 346. Blood samples were collected on d 0, 14, 28, 42, and then every 9-10 d from d 179 to 346. In yr 3, liver biopsy samples were collected on d 0, 42, and 263. Heifers were exposed to mature Angus bulls from d 263 to 346. Growth performance and physiological parameters were analyzed using the MIXED procedure, whereas reproductive variables were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. Effects of treatment × year and treatment × year × time were not detected for any variable measured in this study (P ? 0.14), except for calving percentage (P = 0.03). Heifers assigned to BST injections had greater overall plasma concentrations of IGF-1 and ADG from d 0 to 42 (P ? 0.05), less ADG from d 42 to 127 (P = 0.04), but had similar BW at weaning and postweaning ADG (P ? 0.25) compared to SAL heifers. Heifers assigned to BST tended to achieve puberty 26 d earlier (P = 0.10), had greater percentage of pubertal heifers on d 244, 263, 284, and 296 (P ? 0.04), tended to have greater overall pregnancy percentage (P = 0.10), and had greater (P ? 0.05) calving percentages in yr 1 and 2 (but not yr 3; P = 0.68) compared to SAL heifers. Liver mRNA expression of GHR-1B and IGF-1 on d 0 and 42 did not differ between treatments (P ? 0.15), but was greater for BST vs. SAL heifers on d 263 (P ? 0.02). Hence, administering three injections containing 250 mg of sometribove zinc at 14 d intervals before weaning (between 135 and 163 d of age) induced long-term impacts on liver gene expression and may be a feasible management practice to enhance puberty and pregnancy attainment in B. indicus-influenced replacement beef heifers.

Project description:The present study evaluated the growth and puberty attainment of Bos indicus heifers administered recombinant bovine somatotropin (bST) or saline injections during preweaning and/or postweaning. On day 0, 177 suckling Nellore heifers were stratified by initial age and body weight (BW) (80 ± 10 d; 97 ± 16 kg), and randomly assigned, in a 2 × 2 factorial design (n = 44 to 45 heifers/treatment), to receive s.c. injections of saline (5 mL 0.9% NaCl) or sometribove zinc (Posilac; Elanco, Greenfield, IN; 6.14 mg/kg of BW0.75) on days 0 and 10 (PRE) and/or days 167 and 177 (POS). All heifers were managed as a single group in Brachiaria decumbens pastures from day 0 until 24 d postweaning (day 191), and then provided a corn silage-based TMR from days 191 to 380 to achieve 65% to 70% of mature BW at the end of the study (day 380). Heifer full BW was collected on days 0, 10, 167, 177, and monthly from days 191 to 380. Transrectal ultrasonography of ovaries was performed on days 1 and 10 of each month from days 229 to 380 to assess the percentage of pubertal heifers. Liver biopsies and blood samples from jugular vein were collected on days 0, 10, 167, 177, and 380. Additional blood samples were collected monthly from days 259 to 380 (n = 10 to 15 heifers/treatment). No interactions among day of the study, PRE, and POS injections of saline or bST were detected (P ? 0.11). Preweaning bST injections increased heifer average daily gain (ADG) from days 0 to 10 and plasma IGF-1 on day 10 (P ? 0.03), did not affect ADG from days 0 to 177, plasma IGF-1 from days 259 to 380, and any liver gene mRNA expression (P ? 0.19), but tended to decrease ADG from days 191 to 380 (P = 0.07) and percentage of pubertal heifers on days 349 (P = 0.07), 359 (P = 0.002), and 380 (P = 0.0001) compared with saline injections. Postweaning bST injections increased plasma IGF-1 on day 177 and overall liver mRNA expression of GHR-1A (P ? 0.05), decreased plasma IGF-1 from days 259 to 380 (P = 0.03), tended to decrease liver mRNA expression of GHR-1B on day 177 (P = 0.08), but did not affect ADG from days 167 to 177 and 191 to 380, and puberty attainment from days 229 to 380 (P ? 0.12) compared with saline injections. Thus, preweaning and postweaning injections of bST successfully increased heifer plasma IGF-1 concentrations 10 d after first injection. Postweaning injections of bST had no impact on puberty attainment, whereas preweaning bST injections of bST impaired puberty attainment of Nellore beef heifers.

Project description:BackgroundReference genomes are essential in the analysis of genomic data. As the cost of sequencing decreases, multiple reference genomes are being produced within species to alleviate problems such as low mapping accuracy and reference allele bias in variant calling that can be associated with the alignment of divergent samples to a single reference individual. The latest reference sequence adopted by the scientific community for the analysis of cattle data is ARS_UCD1.2, built from the DNA of a Hereford cow (Bos taurus taurus-B. taurus). A complementary genome assembly, UOA_Brahman_1, was recently built to represent the other cattle subspecies (Bos taurus indicus-B. indicus) from a Brahman cow haplotype to further support analysis of B. indicus data. In this study, we aligned the sequence data of 15 B. taurus and B. indicus breeds to each of these references.ResultsThe alignment of B. taurus individuals against UOA_Brahman_1 detected up to five million more single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) compared to that against ARS_UCD1.2. Similarly, the alignment of B. indicus individuals against ARS_UCD1.2 resulted in one and a half million more SNVs than that against UOA_Brahman_1. The number of SNVs with nearly fixed alternative alleles also increased in the alignments with cross-subspecies. Interestingly, the alignment of B. taurus cattle against UOA_Brahman_1 revealed regions with a smaller than expected number of counts of SNVs with nearly fixed alternative alleles. Since B. taurus introgression represents on average 10% of the genome of Brahman cattle, we suggest that these regions comprise taurine DNA as opposed to indicine DNA in the UOA_Brahman_1 reference genome. Principal component and admixture analyses using genotypes inferred from this region support these taurine-introgressed loci. Overall, the flagged taurine segments represent 13.7% of the UOA_Brahman_1 assembly. The genes located within these segments were previously reported to be under positive selection in Brahman cattle, and include functional candidate genes implicated in feed efficiency, development and immunity.ConclusionsWe report a list of taurine segments that are in the UOA_Brahman_1 assembly, which will be useful for the interpretation of interesting genomic features (e.g., signatures of selection, runs of homozygosity, increased mutation rate, etc.) that could appear in future re-sequencing analysis of indicine cattle.

Project description:BackgroundThe incidence of poor semen quality and sub-fertility/infertility is higher in crossbred as compared to Zebu males. Several attempts have been made to understand the possible reasons for higher incidence of fertility problems in crossbred males, at sperm phenotype, proteome and genome level but with variable results. Since the quality of the ejaculated spermatozoa is determined by the testicular environment, assessing the testicular transcriptome between these breeds would help in identifying the possible mechanisms associated with infertility in crossbred bulls. However, such information is not available. We performed global transcriptomic profiling of testicular tissue from crossbred and Zebu bulls using Agilent Bos taurus GXP 8X60k AMADID: 29411 array. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study comparing the testicular mRNAs between crossbred and Zebu bulls.ResultsOut of the 14,419 transcripts detected in bovine testis, 1466 were differentially expressed between crossbred and Zebu bulls, in which 1038 were upregulated and 428 were downregulated in crossbred bulls. PI4KB and DPY19L2 genes, reported to be involved in sperm capacitation and acrosome formation respectively, were among the top 10 downregulated transcripts in crossbred testis. Genes involved in ubiquitination and proteolysis were upregulated, while genes involved in cell proliferation, stem cell differentiation, stem cell population maintenance, steroidogenesis, WNT signalling, protein localization to plasma membrane, endocannabinoid signalling, heparin binding, cAMP metabolism and GABA receptor activity were downregulated in crossbred testis. Among the 10 genes validated using qPCR, expression of CCNYL, SOX2, MSMB, SPATA7, TNP1, TNP2 and CRISP2 followed the same trend as observed in microarray analysis with SPATA7 being significantly downregulated and transition proteins (TNP1, TNP2) being significantly upregulated in crossbred bulls.ConclusionsAbundant proteolysis by ubiquitination and downregulation of WNT signaling, cell proliferation, differentiation and steroidogenesis might be associated with higher incidence of poor semen quality and/or sub-fertility/infertility in crossbred bulls as compared to Zebu bulls. Downregulation of SPATA7 (Spermatogenesis Associated 7) and upregulation of transition proteins (TNP1 and TNP2) in crossbred bull testis might be associated with impaired spermatogenesis processes including improper chromatin compaction in crossbred bulls.

Dataset Information

Candidate Gene Expression in Bos indicus Ovarian Tissues: Prepubertal and Postpubertal Heifers in Diestrus.

Publications

Candidate Gene Expression in <i>Bos indicus</i> Ovarian Tissues: Prepubertal and Postpubertal Heifers in Diestrus.

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