Dataset Information

High Cardiorespiratory Fitness Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Low Bone Density in Postmenopausal Women.

ABSTRACT:

Purpose

The goal of this study was to determine the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and bone mineral density (BMD) of the femoral neck (FN) in postmenopausal women using existing Cooper Center Longitudinal Study data.

Materials and methods

A cohort of 1,720 predominantly healthy Caucasian women (57.1?±?6.9 years) underwent preventive medical examinations that included CRF assessment by maximal Balke treadmill testing and measurement of BMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. CRF was estimated from total treadmill time and categorized into five categories of CRF (further defined as fitness category 1?=?low fitness, 2-3?=?moderate fitness, and 4-5?=?high fitness). Logistic regression was used to characterize the association between CRF and BMD, adjusting for age, weight, and resistance activity level.

Results

Overall, the mean body-mass index (BMI) for all subjects was 25.0?±?4.5?kg/m², although BMI was in the obese range in the low fitness group. The prevalence of osteoporosis (T-score ? -2.5 at the FN) was greater in the low fit group than moderate or high fit (5.8% vs. 3.0% or 3.9%, respectively); with a similar pattern seen for prevalence of osteopenia (T-score > -2.5 and ? -1.0 at the FN) (47.5% vs. 46.4% or 44.8%, respectively). Higher age and lower weight were associated with low BMD. Fully adjusted logistic regression models showed an inverse association between CRF and low BMD of the FN. For T-score ? -1.0, the primary outcome, the odds ratio (OR) was 0.50 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.32-0.79) for moderate fitness, and OR of 0.32 (95% CI 0.21-0.51) for high fitness was seen. For T-score ? -2.5 at the FN, OR was 0.30 (95% CI 0.11-0.80) for moderate fitness, and OR was 0.29 (95% CI 0.12-0.71) for high fitness.

Conclusion

Increased CRF levels are associated with reduced risk for low bone density in postmenopausal women.

SUBMITTER: DeFina LF

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5069711 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

High Cardiorespiratory Fitness Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Low Bone Density in Postmenopausal Women.

DeFina Laura F LF Leonard David D Willis Benjamin L BL Barlow Carolyn E CE Finley Carrie E CE Jenkins Marjorie R MR Pence Barbara C BC Zhang Yan Y Chyu Ming-Chien MC Lewiecki E Michael EM Shen Chwan-Li CL

Journal of women's health (2002) 20160128 10

<h4>Purpose</h4>The goal of this study was to determine the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and bone mineral density (BMD) of the femoral neck (FN) in postmenopausal women using existing Cooper Center Longitudinal Study data.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>A cohort of 1,720 predominantly healthy Caucasian women (57.1 ± 6.9 years) underwent preventive medical examinations that included CRF assessment by maximal Balke treadmill testing and measurement of BMD by dual-energy X-ray ...[more]

PMID: 27749191

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Project description:ImportanceRepeated bone mineral density (BMD) testing to screen for osteoporosis requires resources. For patient counseling and optimal resource use, it is important for clinicians to know whether repeated BMD measurement (compared with baseline BMD measurement alone) improves the ability to discriminate between postmenopausal women who will and will not experience a fracture.ObjectiveTo assess whether a second BMD measurement approximately 3 years after the initial assessment is associated with improved ability to estimate fracture risk beyond the baseline BMD measurement alone.Design, setting, and participantsThe Women's Health Initiative is a prospective observational study. Participants in the present cohort study included 7419 women with a mean (SD) follow-up of 12.1 (3.4) years between 1993 and 2010 at 3 US clinical centers. Data analysis was conducted between May 2019 and December 2019.Main outcomes and measuresIncident major osteoporotic fracture (ie, hip, clinical spine, forearm, or shoulder fracture), hip fracture, baseline BMD, and absolute change in BMD were assessed. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AU-ROC) for baseline BMD, absolute change in BMD, and the combination of baseline BMD and change in BMD were calculated to assess incident fracture risk discrimination during follow-up.ResultsOf 7419 participants, the mean (SD) age at baseline was 66.1 (7.2) years, the mean (SD) body mass index was 28.7 (6.0), and 1720 (23%) were nonwhite individuals. During the study follow-up (mean [SD] 9.0 [3.5] years after the second BMD measurement), 139 women (1.9%) experienced hip fractures, and 732 women (9.9%) experienced major osteoporotic fracture. In discriminating between women who experience hip fractures and those who do not, AU-ROC values were 0.71 (95% CI, 0.67-0.75) for baseline total hip BMD, 0.61 (95% CI, 0.56-0.65) for change in total hip BMD, and 0.73 (95% CI, 0.69-0.77) for the combination of baseline total hip BMD and change in total hip BMD. Femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD values had similar discrimination for hip fracture. For discrimination of major osteoporotic fracture, AU-ROC values were 0.61 (95% CI, 0.59-0.63) for baseline total hip BMD, 0.53 (95% CI, 0.51-0.55) for change in total hip BMD, and 0.61 (95% CI, 0.59-0.63) for the combination of baseline total hip BMD and change in total hip BMD. Femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD values had similar ability to discriminate between women who experienced major osteoporotic fracture and those who did not. Associations between change in bone density and fracture risk did not differ by subgroup, including diabetes, age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, or baseline BMD T score.Conclusions and relevanceThe findings of this study suggest that a second BMD assessment approximately 3 years after the initial measurement was not associated with improved discrimination between women who did and did not experience subsequent hip fracture or major osteoporotic fracture beyond the baseline BMD value alone and should not routinely be performed.

Dataset Information

High Cardiorespiratory Fitness Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Low Bone Density in Postmenopausal Women.

Purpose

Materials and methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

High Cardiorespiratory Fitness Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Low Bone Density in Postmenopausal Women.

Similar Datasets

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