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Transcriptomic resources and marker validation for diploid and polyploid Veronica (Plantaginaceae) from New Zealand and Europe.

ABSTRACT: PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Polyploidy may generate novel variation, leading to adaptation and species diversification. An excellent natural system to study polyploid evolution in a comparative framework is Veronica (Plantaginaceae), which comprises several parallel, recently evolved polyploid series. METHODS:Over 105 million Illumina paired-end sequence reads were generated from cDNA libraries of leaf tissue from eight individuals representing three European and four New Zealand species. Forty-eight simple sequence repeat (SSR) and 48 low-copy nuclear (LCN) markers were developed and validated with Fluidigm microfluidic PCR and Illumina MiSeq amplicon sequencing on 48 different individuals each. RESULTS:Individual Trinity assemblies were similar regarding annotated transcripts (13,009-14,271), mean contig length (635-742 bp), N50 value (916-1133 bp), E90N50 value (1099-1308 bp), contigs with positive BLAST hits (42-63%), and gene ontology terms. Analyses of 29,738 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (8746 phylogenetically informative) mined from these transcriptomes plus two outgroups (Picrorhiza kurrooa and Plantago ovata) showed moderate to high bootstrap support for all branches and reticulation among sampled European Veronica. DISCUSSION:The transcriptome sequences themselves, as well as the validated SSR (40/48) and LCN (11/48) markers derived from them, show inter- and intraspecific genetic variation. These resources will be invaluable for future population genetic, phylogenetic, and functional genetic investigations in polyploid Veronica.

SUBMITTER: Mayland-Quellhorst E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5077287 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Transcriptomic resources and marker validation for diploid and polyploid <i>Veronica</i> (Plantaginaceae) from New Zealand and Europe.

Mayland-Quellhorst Eike E Meudt Heidi M HM Albach Dirk C DC

Applications in plant sciences 20161018 10

<h4>Premise of the study</h4>Polyploidy may generate novel variation, leading to adaptation and species diversification. An excellent natural system to study polyploid evolution in a comparative framework is <i>Veronica</i> (Plantaginaceae), which comprises several parallel, recently evolved polyploid series.<h4>Methods</h4>Over 105 million Illumina paired-end sequence reads were generated from cDNA libraries of leaf tissue from eight individuals representing three European and four New Zealand ...[more]

PMID: 27785388

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Project description:Climatic fluctuations in the Pleistocene caused glacial expansion-contraction cycles in Eurasia and other parts of the world. Consequences of these cycles, such as population expansion and subsequent subdivision, have been studied in many taxa at intraspecific population level across much of the Northern Hemisphere. However, the consequences for the potential of hybridization and polyploidization are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the phylogeographic structure of two widespread, closely related species, Veronica spicata and Veronica longifolia, across their European distribution ranges. We assessed the extent and the geographic pattern of polyploidization in both species and hybridization between them. We used genome-scale SNP data to clarify phylogenetic relationships and detect possible hybridization/introgression events. In addition, crossing experiments were performed in different combination between V. spicata and V. longifolia individuals of two ploidy levels and of different geographic origins. Finally, we employed ecological niche modeling to infer macroclimatic differences between both species and both ploidy levels. We found a clear genetic structure reflecting the geographical distribution patterns in both species, with V. spicata showing higher genetic differentiation than V. longifolia. We retrieved significant signals of hybridization and introgression in natural populations from the genetic data and corroborated this with crossing experiments. However, there were no clear phylogeographic patterns and unequivocal macroclimatic niche differences between diploid and tetraploid lineages. This favors the hypothesis, that autopolyploidization has happened frequently and in different regions. The crossing experiments produced viable hybrids when the crosses were made between plants of the same ploidy levels but not in the interploidy crosses. The results suggest that hybridization occurs across the overlapping areas of natural distribution ranges of both species, with apparently directional introgression from V. spicata to V. longifolia. Nevertheless, the two species maintain their species-level separation due to their adaptation to different habitats and spatial isolation rather than reproductive isolation.

Dataset Information

Transcriptomic resources and marker validation for diploid and polyploid Veronica (Plantaginaceae) from New Zealand and Europe.

Publications

Transcriptomic resources and marker validation for diploid and polyploid <i>Veronica</i> (Plantaginaceae) from New Zealand and Europe.

Similar Datasets

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