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Physical activity, black carbon exposure and airway inflammation in an urban adolescent cohort.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE:Regular physical activity can improve cardiopulmonary health; however, increased respiratory rates and tidal volumes during activity may increase the effective internal dose of air pollution exposure. Our objective was to investigate the impact of black carbon (BC) measured by personal sampler on the relationship between physical activity and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), a marker of airway inflammation. We hypothesized that higher personal BC would attenuate the protective effect of physical activity on airway inflammation. METHODS:We performed a cross-sectional study nested in a birth cohort of African American and Dominican children living in the Bronx and Northern Manhattan, New York City. Children were recruited based on age (target 9-14 year olds) and presence (n=70) or absence (n=59) of current asthma. Children wore wrist mounted accelerometers for 6 days and were classified as 'active' if they had ?60min of moderate-to-vigorous activity (MVA) each day and 'non-active' if they had <60min of MVA on any given day, based on CDC guidelines. Personal BC measured using a MicroAeth, was assessed during two 24-h periods, at the beginning and end of physical activity assessment. High BC was defined as the upper tertile of BC measured with personal sampler. FeNO measurements were sampled at the beginning and end of the of physical activity assessment. RESULTS:In multivariable linear regression models, 'active' children had 25% higher personal BC concentrations (p=0.02) and 20% lower FeNO (p=0.04) compared to 'non-active' children. Among children with high personal BC (n=33), there was no relationship between activity and FeNO (p=1.00). The significant protective relationship between activity and airway inflammation was largely driven by children with lower personal BC (n=96, p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS:Children that live in an urban environment and are physically active on a daily basis have higher personal exposure to BC. High BC offsets the protective relationship between physical activity and airway inflammation.

SUBMITTER: Lovinsky-Desir S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5081133 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Physical activity, black carbon exposure and airway inflammation in an urban adolescent cohort.

Lovinsky-Desir Stephanie S Jung Kyung Hwa KH Rundle Andrew G AG Hoepner Lori A LA Bautista Joshua B JB Perera Frederica P FP Chillrud Steven N SN Perzanowski Matthew S MS Miller Rachel L RL

Environmental research 20160929

<h4>Objective</h4>Regular physical activity can improve cardiopulmonary health; however, increased respiratory rates and tidal volumes during activity may increase the effective internal dose of air pollution exposure. Our objective was to investigate the impact of black carbon (BC) measured by personal sampler on the relationship between physical activity and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), a marker of airway inflammation. We hypothesized that higher personal BC would attenuate the prot ...[more]

PMID: 27694044

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Project description:BackgroundPhysical activity is associated with improvement in lung function; however, pollution exposure during physical activity can lead to a transient reduction in lung function. This paradoxical relationship may be linked to altered T regulatory (Treg) cell activity, which increases with exercise and suppresses airway inflammation, but decreases in association with exposure to air pollution. To clarify these relationships, we investigated buccal cell DNA methylation of the forkhead box p3 (FOXP3) gene promoter, a proposed biomarker of Treg activity. We hypothesized that active urban children would have lower FOXP3 promoter methylation, associated with better lung function compared to non-active children. We also hypothesized that this relationship would be attenuated by high exposure to the air pollutant black carbon (BC).MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional study of 135 children ages 9-14 who live in New York City. Activity was measured across 6 days. BC exposure was assessed by personal monitors worn for two 24-h periods, followed by lung function assessment. Buccal swabs were collected for DNA methylation analysis of three regions (six CpG sites) in the FOXP3 promoter.ResultsIn multivariable regression models, overall, there was no significant relationship between physical activity and FOXP3 promoter methylation (p?>?0.05). However, in stratified analyses, among children with higher BC exposure (?1200 ng/m3), physical activity was associated with 2.37% lower methylation in promoter 2 (CpGs -77, -65, and -58) (?estimate?=?-2.37%, p?<?0.01) but not among those with lower BC exposure (?estimate?=?0.54%, p?>?0.05). Differences across strata were statistically significant (pinteraction?=?0.04). Among all children, after controlling for BC concentration, promoter 2 methylation was associated with reduced FEV1/FVC (?estimate?=?-0.40%, p?<?0.01) and reduced FEF25-75% (?estimate?=?-1.46%, p?<?0.01).ConclusionsPhysical activity in urban children appeared associated with lower FOXP3 promoter methylation, a possible indicator of greater Treg function, under conditions of high BC exposure. Reduced FOXP3 promoter methylation was associated with higher lung function. These findings suggest that physical activity may induce immunologic benefits, particularly for urban children with greater risk of impaired lung function due to exposure to higher air pollution. FOXP3 promoter buccal cell methylation may function as a useful biomarker of that benefit.

Project description:Urban black South African women have a high prevalence of non-communicable diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to assess the physical activity patterns of a cohort of middle-aged urban-dwelling black African women and to determine if physical activity is associated with anthropometric measures and metabolic outcomes in this population.Physical activity and sitting time were assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) in a cross-sectional study of 977 black African women (mean age 41.0?±?7.84 years) from the Birth to Twenty study based in Soweto, Johannesburg. Anthropometric outcomes were measured and fasting blood glucose, insulin and lipid profile were analysed to determine metabolic disease risk and prevalence.Sixty-seven percent of the population were classified as active according to GPAQ criteria, and the domain that contributed most to overall weekly physical activity was walking for travel. Only 45.0% of women participated in leisure time activity. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in this sample was 40.0%, and the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 29.2% and 48.0%, respectively. Women who reported owning a motor vehicle walked for travel less, and participated in more leisure-time activity (both p?<?0.01), while women who owned a television reported significantly lower moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and walking for travel (both p?<?0.01). Sitting time (mins/wk) was not different between the activity groups, but was associated with triglycerides and diastolic blood pressure. Total physical activity was inversely associated with fasting insulin, and physical activity in the work domain was associated with fat free soft tissue mass.The findings of this study show that the majority of urban dwelling black South African women are classified as physically active despite a high prevalence of obesity and metabolic disease risk factors. Sitting time had detrimental effects on both triglyceride levels and diastolic blood pressure whilst total physical activity attenuated fasting insulin levels. As walking for travel is a major contributor to physical activity, future research should attempt to determine whether the intensity of this activity plays a role in the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases.

Project description:BackgroundBlack women experience a higher prevalence of poor asthma outcomes and physical inactivity than their White counterparts. Black women comprise a particularly vulnerable group of patients with asthma, with some of the highest rates of asthma in adults, high health care use (emergency department visits and hospitalizations), and the highest crude asthma mortality rate of all race or ethnicity groups. Despite recommendations to engage in regular physical activity, fewer than 15% of Black women meet the 2008 National Physical Activity Guidelines, the lowest of all racial subgroups of adults. Given the connection between physical inactivity and poor asthma outcomes, addressing physical activity among Black women with asthma is imperative.ObjectiveThis 2-arm randomized controlled trial aims to (1) determine the efficacy of a lifestyle walking intervention on asthma control compared to an education (control) group over 24 weeks, (2) examine the maintenance effects of the lifestyle walking intervention on asthma control at 48 weeks, (3) explore the behavioral mediators (eg, self-efficacy, social support, self-regulation, and daily physical activity levels) and contextual moderators (eg, baseline asthma severity, neighborhood environment, comorbid conditions, and social determinants of health) that contribute to treatment responsiveness, and (4) assess the reach and implementation potential of the intervention.MethodsThe proposed study (ACTION [A Lifestyle Physical Activity Intervention for Minority Women with Asthma]) delivers a 24-week lifestyle walking intervention designed for and by urban Black women with asthma. Participants (n=224) will be recruited through 2 urban health care systems that care for a diverse Black population. Patients will be randomized to one of two groups: (1) ACTION intervention (group sessions, physical activity self-monitoring-Fitbit, and text-based support for step goal setting) or (2) education control (an individual asthma education session and SMS text messages related to asthma education). Outcome assessments will take place at baseline, 12, 24, and 48 weeks. The primary outcome is a change in asthma control from baseline to week 24 as assessed by the asthma control questionnaire-6 (ACQ-6). Secondary outcomes include asthma-related quality of life, health care use, and asthma exacerbations and behavioral outcomes such as self-efficacy, self-regulation, social support, and physical activity.ResultsThis study was funded by the National Institute of Minority Health Disparities in August 2022. We pilot-tested our recruitment and intervention procedures and began recruitment in April 2023, with the enrollment of our first participant in May 2023. The anticipated completion of the study is April 2027.ConclusionsThis study will deliver a new approach to physical activity interventions in Black women with asthma and help to provide guidance for addressing physical activity within this subgroup. This study will also provide a potential framework for future studies in minoritized populations with other disease conditions associated with low levels of physical activity.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT05726487; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05726487.International registered report identifier (irrid)DERR1-10.2196/55700.

Project description:ObjectiveExposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) - endocrine disrupting chemicals - may increase cardiometabolic risk. We evaluated whether adolescent lifestyle factors modified associations between gestational PFAS exposure and cardiometabolic risk using a prospective cohort study.MethodsIn 166 mother-child pairs (HOME Study), we measured concentrations of four PFAS in maternal serum collected during pregnancy. When children were age 12 years, we calculated cardiometabolic risk scores from visceral adiposity area, blood pressure, and fasting serum biomarkers. We assessed adolescent physical activity and Healthy Eating Index scores using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C), actigraphy, and 24-h diet recalls. Using multivariable linear regression and weighted quantile sum regression, we examined whether physical activity or diet modified covariate-adjusted associations of PFAS and their mixture with cardiometabolic risk scores.ResultsPhysical activity modified associations between perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and cardiometabolic risk scores. Each doubling of PFOA was associated with worse cardiometabolic risk scores among children with PAQ-C scores < median (β:1.4; 95% CI:0.5, 2.2, n = 82), but not among those with PAQ-C scores ≥ median (β: 0.2; 95% CI: 1.2, 0.7, n = 84) (interaction p-value = 0.01). Associations were most prominent for insulin resistance, leptin-adiponectin ratio, and visceral fat area. We observed results suggesting that physical activity modified the association of PFAS mixture with cardiometabolic risk scores, insulin resistance, and visceral fat area (interaction p-values = 0.17, 0.07, and 0.10, respectively); however, the 95% CIs of the interaction terms included the null value. We observed similar, but attenuated patterns for PFOA and actigraphy-based measures of physical activity. Diet did not modify any associations. Physical activity or diet did not modify associations for other PFAS.ConclusionsChildhood physical activity modified associations of prenatal serum PFOA concentrations with children's cardiometabolic risk in this cohort, indicating that lifestyle interventions may ameliorate the adverse effects of PFOA exposure.

Project description:BackgroundAdolescence is marked by a decline in physical activity, rapid physical growth and changes in body composition, which have been linked to body composition. Prospective data on these associations are rare, particularly in Africa.AimThe aim of this study was to examine the association of longitudinal patterns across adolescent in physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep, with anthropometry and body composition at age 18 years in urban South Africa.MethodsWe analyzed data from the Birth-to-Twenty Plus Cohort (Bt20+), a longitudinal study of children born in 1990 in Soweto-Johannesburg, South Africa. We used general linear models to investigate the association of adolescent (ages 12 to 18 years) longitudinal trends in physical activity, sedentary behavior and schoolnight sleep and overall physical activity patterns, with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fat mass index (FMI), lean mass index (LMI) and percent body fat at age 18 years.ResultsThe final study sample included 1337 participants with anthropometric measurements (52% female) and 958 participants with body composition measurements (53% female). Males who were consistently more active and consistently walked to school over adolescence had lower waist circumference (B = - 2.0, 95% CI: - 3.9 to - 0.2), FMI (B = - 0.8, 95%: CI: - 1.2 to - 0.1) and percent body fat (B = -2.9, 95% CI: - 4.9 to - 0.9) at age 18 years than those who decreased activity and did not walk to school. Consistently-sedentary females had higher waist circumference than those whose sedentary behavior increased over adolescence (B = 5.4, 95% CI: 0.2 to 10.6). Males who reported sleeping 9 h or more per night on schoolnights had significantly lower BMI (B = -1.0, 95% CI: - 1.4 to- 0.5), and percent body fat (B = -1.5, 95%CI - 2.8 to - 0.1) than those who reported sleeping 8 h or less per night.ConclusionPatterns of adolescent physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep are related to young-adult body composition in urban South Africa. These modifiable behaviors may be paths for public health interventions to curb overweight and obesity in many low- or middle-income countries.

Dataset Information

Physical activity, black carbon exposure and airway inflammation in an urban adolescent cohort.

Publications

Physical activity, black carbon exposure and airway inflammation in an urban adolescent cohort.

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