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The behavioral economics of young adult substance abuse.

ABSTRACT: Alcohol and drug use peaks during young adulthood and can interfere with critical developmental tasks and set the stage for chronic substance misuse and associated social, educational, and health-related outcomes. There is a need for novel, theory-based approaches to guide substance abuse prevention efforts during this critical developmental period. This paper discusses the particular relevance of behavioral economic theory to young adult alcohol and drug misuse, and reviews of available literature on prevention and intervention strategies that are consistent with behavioral economic theory. Behavioral economic theory predicts that decisions to use drugs and alcohol are related to the relative availability and price of both alcohol and substance-free alternative activities, and the extent to which reinforcement from delayed substance-free outcomes is devalued relative to the immediate reinforcement associated with drugs. Behavioral economic measures of motivation for substance use are based on relative levels of behavioral and economic resource allocation towards drug versus alternatives, and have been shown to predict change in substance use over time. Policy and individual level prevention approaches that are consistent with behavioral economic theory are discussed, including brief interventions that increase future orientation and engagement in rewarding alternatives to substance use. Prevention approaches that increase engagement in constructive future-oriented activities among young adults (e.g., educational/vocational success) have the potential to reduce future health disparities associated with both substance abuse and poor educational/vocational outcomes.

SUBMITTER: Murphy JG

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5085883 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The behavioral economics of young adult substance abuse.

Murphy James G JG Dennhardt Ashley A AA

Preventive medicine 20160503

Alcohol and drug use peaks during young adulthood and can interfere with critical developmental tasks and set the stage for chronic substance misuse and associated social, educational, and health-related outcomes. There is a need for novel, theory-based approaches to guide substance abuse prevention efforts during this critical developmental period. This paper discusses the particular relevance of behavioral economic theory to young adult alcohol and drug misuse, and reviews of available literat ...[more]

PMID: 27151545

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Project description:This article attempts to examine the occurrence of two behavioural changes, namely, substance abuse and eating disorders in order of onset mediated by ineffective parenting styles during young age. The four parenting styles and their consequential behavioural adverse effects are taken as the focal point of this study and are synthesized to provide an outlook on the status of ineffective parenting and deviant offspring behaviours. A review of literature was primarily undertaken to examine the characteristic features of ineffective parenting. A causal relationship was then drawn between the onset of behavioural disorders with an emphasis on substance abuse and eating disorders, along the parenting spectrum. We probed into the order and directionality of the offspring behavioural changes against ineffective parenting. The current available data shows the superimposition of the parenting style spectrum on a bell-shaped distribution of behavioural outcomes as exemplified by authoritarian, permissive and neglectful parenting as a prime determinant of several disorders among the young age; parenting styles being at the extremities of the parenting spectrum. The sweet spot of parenting, mainly associated to the authoritative approach, bears the most positive effect on the growing child. The extreme ends of parenting as per the varying degree of responsiveness and demandingness, generally observed in authoritarian and neglectful parenting precipitate concomitant deviant behaviours cascading from one another; intricately linking substance abuse and eating disorders. A number of studies describe the isolated effects of ineffective parenting on the development of substance abuse and eating disorders during the adolescent period. However, the relationship between both eating disorders and substance abuse is underplayed and need to be stressed upon to tailor behaviour-specific targeted therapies and restore the normalcy of these altered behaviours. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44202-022-00025-7. Highlights How the parenting style adopted can lead to a concurrent amalgam of disordered eating patterns and substance abuse. How disordered eating behaviours and substance abuse are initiated as coping strategies to deal with the consequences of poor parenting. Isolation of specific risk factors to deter the development of those deviant behaviours in addition to improvement of parenting methods. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44202-022-00025-7.

Project description:The attachment system is an innate human instinct to gain a sense of security as a form of self-defense from threats. Adults with secure attachment can maintain the balance of their relationships with themselves and significant others such as parents, romantic partners, and close friends. Generally, the adult attachment assessment data are collected primarily from subjective responses through questionnaires or interviews, which are closed to the research community. Attachment assessment from behavioral traits has also not been studied in depth because attachment-related behavioral data are still not openly available for research. This limits the scope of attachment assessment to new alternative innovations, such as the application of machine learning and deep learning-based approaches. This paper presents the Indonesian Young Adult Attachment (IYAA) dataset, a facial expression and speech audio dataset of Indonesian young adults in attachment projective-based assessment. The assessment contains two stages: exposure and response of 14 attachment-based stimuli. IYAA consists of audio-video data from age groups between 18-29 years old, with 20 male and 67 female subjects. It contains 1216 exposure videos, 1217 response videos, and 1217 speech response audios. Each data has a varying duration; the duration for exposure video ranges from 25 seconds to 1 minute 39 seconds, while for response video and speech response audio ranges from 40 seconds to 8 minutes and 25 seconds. The IYAA dataset is annotated into two kinds of labels: emotion and attachment. First, emotion labeling is annotated on each stimulus for all subject data (exposure videos, response videos, speech response audios). Each data is annotated into one or more labels among eight basic emotion categories (neutral, happy, sad, contempt, anger, disgust, surprised, fear) since each attachment-related event involves unconscious mental processes characterized by emotional changes. Second, each subject is annotated into one among three attachment style labels: secure, insecure-anxious, and insecure-avoidance. Given these two kinds of labeling, the IYAA dataset supports several research purposes, either using one kind of label separately or using them together for attachment classification research. It also supports innovative approaches to build automatic attachment classification through collaboration between the study of Behavioral, Developmental, and Social Psychology with Social Signal Processing.

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The behavioral economics of young adult substance abuse.

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The behavioral economics of young adult substance abuse.

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