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Diastolic Blood Pressure, Subclinical Myocardial Damage, and Cardiac Events: Implications for Blood Pressure Control.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:The optimal systolic blood pressure (SBP) treatment goal is in question, with SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial) suggesting benefit for 120 mm Hg. However, achieving an SBP this low may reduce diastolic blood pressure (DBP) to levels that could compromise myocardial perfusion. OBJECTIVES:This study sought to examine the independent association of DBP with myocardial damage (using high-sensitivity cardiac troponin-T [hs-cTnT]) and with coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, or death over 21 years. METHODS:The authors studied 11,565 adults from the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities) cohort, analyzing DBP and hs-cTnT associations as well as prospective associations between DBP and events. RESULTS:Mean baseline age was 57 years, 57% of patients were female, and 25% were black. Compared with persons who had DBP between 80 to 89 mm Hg at baseline (ARIC visit 2), the adjusted odds ratio of having hs-cTnT ?14 ng/l at that visit was 2.2 and 1.5 in those with DBP <60 mm Hg and 60 to 69 mm Hg, respectively. Low DBP at baseline was also independently associated with progressive myocardial damage on the basis of estimated annual change in hs-cTnT over the 6 years between ARIC visits 2 and 4. In addition, compared with a DBP of 80 to 89 mm Hg, a DBP <60 mm Hg was associated with incident CHD and mortality, but not with stroke. The DBP and incident CHD association was strongest with baseline hs-cTnT ?14 ng/l (p value for interaction <0.001). Associations of low DBP with prevalent hs-cTnT and incident CHD were most pronounced among patients with baseline SBP ?120 mm Hg. CONCLUSIONS:Particularly among adults with an SBP ?120 mm Hg, and thus elevated pulse pressure, low DBP was associated with subclinical myocardial damage and CHD events. When titrating treatment to SBP <140 mm Hg, it may be prudent to ensure that DBP levels do not fall below 70 mm Hg, and particularly not below 60 mm Hg.

SUBMITTER: McEvoy JW

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5089057 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Diastolic Blood Pressure, Subclinical Myocardial Damage, and Cardiac Events: Implications for Blood Pressure Control.

McEvoy John W JW Chen Yuan Y Rawlings Andreea A Hoogeveen Ron C RC Ballantyne Christie M CM Blumenthal Roger S RS Coresh Josef J Selvin Elizabeth E

Journal of the American College of Cardiology 20160830 16

<h4>Background</h4>The optimal systolic blood pressure (SBP) treatment goal is in question, with SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial) suggesting benefit for 120 mm Hg. However, achieving an SBP this low may reduce diastolic blood pressure (DBP) to levels that could compromise myocardial perfusion.<h4>Objectives</h4>This study sought to examine the independent association of DBP with myocardial damage (using high-sensitivity cardiac troponin-T [hs-cTnT]) and with coronary heart dis ...[more]

PMID: 27590090

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Project description:Previous reports have observed a consistent J-shaped relationship between cardiac events and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). However, the EPHESUS study clearly showed that myocardial reperfusion abolished the J-shaped association, suggesting a different association pattern after revascularization. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the different patterns in which DBP affects cardiovascular risk in non ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients after revascularization, which may benefit the risk stratification for NSTEMI patients. We obtained the NSTEMI database from the Dryad data repository and analyzed the association between preprocedural DBP and long-term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in 1486 patients with NSTEMI following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Multivariate regression models were used to assess the impact of DBP on outcomes in an adjusted fashion according to DBP tertiles. The p value for the trend was calculated using linear regression. When examined as a continuous variable, a multivariate regression analysis was repeated. Pattern stability was verified by interaction and stratified analyses. The median (interquartile range) age of the patients was 61.00 (53.00-68.00) years, and 63.32% were male. Cardiac death showed a graded increase as the DBP tertile increased (p for trend = 0.0369). When examined as a continuous variable, a 1 mmHg increase in DBP level was associated with an 18% higher risk of long-term cardiac death (95% CI: 1.01-1.36, p = 0.0311) and a 2% higher risk of long-term all-cause death (95% CI: 1.01-1.04; p = 0.0178). The association pattern remained stable when stratified by sex, age, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking status. An association between low DBP and higher cardiovascular risk was not observed in our study. We showed that higher preprocedural DBP increased the risk of long-term cardiac death and all-cause death in patients with NSTEMI following PCI.

Project description:Angina, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) are more common in women and are associated with adverse cardiovascular prognosis. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) is established for assessment of left ventricular (LV) morphology and systolic function and is increasingly used to assess myocardial perfusion and diastolic function. Indeed, stress CMRI allows measurement of myocardial perfusion reserve index (MPRI) using semi-quantitative techniques, and quantification of LV volumetric filling patterns provides valuable insight into LV diastolic function. The utility of these two techniques remains limited, because reference control values for MPRI and LV diastolic function in asymptomatic middle-aged, women have not previously been established. To address this limitation, we recruited twenty women, without clinical cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular risk factors, with normal maximal Bruce protocol exercise treadmill testing. Subjects underwent CMRI (1.5 tesla) using a standardized protocol of adenosine stress and rest perfusion and LV cinematic imaging. Commercially available with automated CMRI segmentation was used for calculation of MPRI, LV filling profiles, and ejection fraction. Mean age was 54±9 years and mean body mass index was 25±4 kg/m(3). The exercise treadmill testing results demonstrated a normotensive group with normal functional capacity and hemodynamic response. We report reference control values for semi-quantitative MPRI as well as measures of LV systolic and diastolic function including ejection fraction, stroke volume, peak filling rate (PFR), PFR adjusted for end-diastolic volume (EDV) and stroke volume, time to PFR, and EDV index. The data herein provide reference values for MPRI and diastolic function in a cohort of healthy, middle-aged of women. These reference values may be used for comparison with a variety of patient populations, including women with CMD and HFpEF.

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Diastolic Blood Pressure, Subclinical Myocardial Damage, and Cardiac Events: Implications for Blood Pressure Control.

Publications

Diastolic Blood Pressure, Subclinical Myocardial Damage, and Cardiac Events: Implications for Blood Pressure Control.

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