Dataset Information

Taste Receptors: Regulators of Sinonasal Innate Immunity.

ABSTRACT: Taste receptors in the oral cavity guide our preferences for foods, preventing toxic ingestions and encouraging proper nutrient consumption. More recently, expression of taste receptors has been demonstrated in other locations throughout the body, including the airway, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and brain. The extent and specific roles of "extraoral" taste receptors are largely unknown, but a growing body of evidence suggests that taste receptors in the airway serve a critical role in sensing bacteria and regulating innate immunity. This review will focus on the function of bitter and sweet taste receptors in the human airway with particular emphasis on T2R38, a bitter taste receptor found in sinonasal ciliated cells, and bitter and sweet receptors found on specialized sinonasal solitary chemosensory cells. The importance of these novel taste receptor-immune circuits in the human airway and their clinical relevance in airway disease will also be reviewed.

SUBMITTER: Carey RM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5089074 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Taste Receptors: Regulators of Sinonasal Innate Immunity.

Carey Ryan M RM Adappa Nithin D ND Palmer James N JN Lee Robert J RJ Cohen Noam A NA

Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology 20160628 4

Taste receptors in the oral cavity guide our preferences for foods, preventing toxic ingestions and encouraging proper nutrient consumption. More recently, expression of taste receptors has been demonstrated in other locations throughout the body, including the airway, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and brain. The extent and specific roles of "extraoral" taste receptors are largely unknown, but a growing body of evidence suggests that taste receptors in the airway serve a critical role in sen ...[more]

PMID: 27819057

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Project description:Background:Innate immunity utilizes components of sensory signal transduction such as bitter and sweet taste receptors. In fact, empirical evidence has shown bitter and sweet taste receptors to be an integral component of antimicrobial immune response in upper respiratory tract infections. Since an efficient immune response plays a key role in the attainment of longevity, it is not surprising that the rs978739 polymorphism of the bitter taste receptor TAS2R16 gene has been shown to be associated with longevity in a population of 941 individuals ranging in age from 20 to 106?years from Calabria (Italy). There are many possible candidate genes for human longevity, however of the many genes tested, only APOE and FOXO3 survived to association in replication studies. So, it is necessary to validate in other studies genes proposed to be associated with longevity. Thus, we analysed the association of the quoted polymorphism in a population of long lived individuals (LLIs) and controls from another Italian population from Cilento. Methods:The analysis has been performed on data previously obtained with genome-wide association study on a population of LLIs (age range 90-109?years) and young controls (age range 18-45?years) from Cilento (Italy). Results:Statistical power calculations showed that the analysed cohort represented by 410 LLIs and 553 young controls was sufficiently powered to replicate the association between rs978739 and the longevity phenotype according to the effect size and frequencies described in the previous paper, under a dominant and additive genetic model. However, no evidence of association between rs978739 and the longevity phenotype was observed according to the additive or dominant model. Conclusion:There are several reasons for the failure of the confirmation of a previous study. However, the differences between the two studies in terms of environment of the population adopted and of the criteria of inclusion have made difficult the replication of the findings.

Dataset Information

Taste Receptors: Regulators of Sinonasal Innate Immunity.

Publications

Taste Receptors: Regulators of Sinonasal Innate Immunity.

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