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Combining Multiple Types of Motor Rehabilitation Enhances Skilled Forelimb Use Following Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats.

ABSTRACT: Neuroplasticity and neurorehabilitation have been extensively studied in animal models of stroke to guide clinical rehabilitation of stroke patients. Similar studies focused on traumatic brain injury (TBI) are lacking.The current study was designed to examine the effects of individual and combined rehabilitative approaches, previously shown to be beneficial following stroke, in an animal model of moderate/severe TBI, the controlled cortical impact (CCI).Rats received a unilateral CCI, followed by reach training, voluntary exercise, or unimpaired forelimb constraint, alone or in combination. Forelimb function was assessed at different time points post-CCI by tests of skilled reaching, motor coordination, and asymmetrical limb use.Following CCI, skilled reaching and motor coordination were significantly enhanced by combinations of rehabilitation strategies, not by individual approaches. The return of symmetrical limb use benefited from forelimb constraint alone. None of the rehabilitation strategies affected the size of injury, suggesting that enhanced behavioral function was not a result of neuroprotection.The current study has provided evidence that individual rehabilitation strategies shown to be beneficial in animal models of stroke are not similarly sufficient to enhance behavioral outcome in a model of TBI. Motor rehabilitation strategies for TBI patients may need to be more intense and varied. Future basic science studies exploring the underlying mechanisms of combined rehabilitation approaches in TBI as well as clinical studies comparing rehabilitation approaches for stroke versus TBI would prove fruitful.

SUBMITTER: Adkins DL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5090980 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Nov-Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Combining Multiple Types of Motor Rehabilitation Enhances Skilled Forelimb Use Following Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats.

Adkins DeAnna L DL Ferguson Lindsay L Lance Steven S Pevtsov Aleksandr A McDonough Kevin K Stamschror Justin J Jones Theresa A TA Kozlowski Dorothy A DA

Neurorehabilitation and neural repair 20150311 10

<h4>Background</h4>Neuroplasticity and neurorehabilitation have been extensively studied in animal models of stroke to guide clinical rehabilitation of stroke patients. Similar studies focused on traumatic brain injury (TBI) are lacking.<h4>Objective</h4>The current study was designed to examine the effects of individual and combined rehabilitative approaches, previously shown to be beneficial following stroke, in an animal model of moderate/severe TBI, the controlled cortical impact (CCI).<h4>M ...[more]

PMID: 25761884

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Project description:Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces seizures or status epilepticus (SE) in 20-30% of patients during the acute phase. We hypothesized that severe TBI induced with lateral fluid-percussion injury (FPI) triggers post-impact SE. Adult Sprague-Dawley male rats were anesthetized with isoflurane and randomized into the sham-operated experimental control or lateral FPI-induced severe TBI groups. Electrodes were implanted right after impact or sham-operation, then video-electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring was started. In addition, video-EEG was recorded from naïve rats. During the first 72 h post-TBI, injured rats had seizures that were intermingled with other epileptiform EEG patterns typical to non-convulsive SE, including occipital intermittent rhythmic delta activity, lateralized or generalized periodic discharges, spike-and-wave complexes, poly-spikes, poly-spike-and-wave complexes, generalized continuous spiking, burst suppression, or suppression. Almost all (98%) of the electrographic seizures were recorded during 0-72 h post-TBI (23.2 ± 17.4 seizures/rat). Mean latency from the impact to the first electrographic seizure was 18.4 ± 15.1 h. Mean seizure duration was 86 ± 57 sec. Analysis of high-resolution videos indicated that only 41% of electrographic seizures associated with behavioral abnormalities, which were typically subtle (Racine scale 1-2). Fifty-nine percent of electrographic seizures did not show any behavioral manifestations. In most of the rats, epileptiform EEG patterns began to decay spontaneously on Days 5-6 after TBI. Interestingly, also a few sham-operated and naïve rats had post-operation seizures, which were not associated with EEG background patterns typical to non-convulsive SE seen in TBI rats. To summarize, our data show that lateral FPI-induced TBI results in non-convulsive SE with subtle behavioral manifestations; this explains why it has remained undiagnosed until now. The lateral FPI model provides a novel platform for assessing the mechanisms of acute symptomatic non-convulsive SE and for testing treatments to prevent post-injury SE in a clinically relevant context.

Dataset Information

Combining Multiple Types of Motor Rehabilitation Enhances Skilled Forelimb Use Following Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats.

Publications

Combining Multiple Types of Motor Rehabilitation Enhances Skilled Forelimb Use Following Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats.

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