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Overcoming the aggregation problem: a new type of fluorescent ligand for ConA-based glucose sensing.

ABSTRACT: Competitive binding assays based on the lectin Concanavalin A (ConA) have displayed significant potential to serve in continuous glucose monitoring applications. However, to date, this type of fluorescent, affinity-based assay has yet to show the stable, glucose predictive capabilities that are required for such an application. This instability has been associated with the extensive crosslinking between traditionally-used fluorescent ligands (presenting multiple low-affinity moieties) and ConA (presenting multiple binding sites) in free solution. The work herein introduces the design and synthesis of a new type of fluorescent ligand that can avoid this aggregation and allow the assay to be sensitive across the physiologically relevant glucose concentration range. This fluorescent ligand (APTS-MT) presents a single high-affinity trimannose moiety that is recognized by ConA's full binding site and a fluorophore that can effectively track the ligand's equilibrium binding via fluorescent anisotropy. This is confirmed by comparing its measured fluorescent lifetime to experimentally-determined rotational correlation lifetimes of the free and bound populations. Using an assay comprised of 200 nM APTS-MT and 1 µM ConA, the fluorescence anisotropy capably tracks the concentration of monosaccharides that are known to bind to ConA's primary binding site, and the assay displays a MARD of 6.5% across physiologically relevant glucose concentrations. Ultimately, this rationally-designed fluorescent ligand can facilitate the realization of the full potential of ConA-based glucose sensing assays and provide the basis for a new set of competing ligands to be paired with ConA.

SUBMITTER: Cummins BM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5106187 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Overcoming the aggregation problem: a new type of fluorescent ligand for ConA-based glucose sensing.

Cummins Brian M BM Li Mingchien M Locke Andrea K AK Birch David J S DJS Vigh Gyula G Coté Gerard L GL

Biosensors & bioelectronics 20140711

Competitive binding assays based on the lectin Concanavalin A (ConA) have displayed significant potential to serve in continuous glucose monitoring applications. However, to date, this type of fluorescent, affinity-based assay has yet to show the stable, glucose predictive capabilities that are required for such an application. This instability has been associated with the extensive crosslinking between traditionally-used fluorescent ligands (presenting multiple low-affinity moieties) and ConA ( ...[more]

PMID: 25058939

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Project description:α-Synuclein fibrils are considered a hallmark of Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies. However, small oligomers that formed during the early stages of α-synuclein aggregation are thought to be the main toxic species causing disease. The formation of α-synuclein oligomers has proven difficult to follow, because of the heterogeneity and transient nature of the species formed. Here, a novel bead-based aggregation assay for monitoring the earliest stages of α-synuclein oligomerization, α-Synuclein-Confocal Nanoscanning (ASYN-CONA), is presented. The α-synuclein A91C single cysteine mutant is modified with a trifunctional chemical tag, which allows simultaneous fluorescent labeling with a green dye (tetramethylrhodamine, TMR) and attachment to microbeads. Beads with bound TMR-labeled α-synuclein are then incubated with a red dye (Cy5)-labeled variant of α-synuclein A91C, and EtOH (20%) to induce aggregation. Aggregation is detected by confocal scanning imaging, below the equatorial plane of the beads, which is known as the CONA technique. On-bead TMR-labeled α-synuclein and aggregated Cy5-labeled α-synuclein from the solution are quantitatively monitored in parallel by detection of fluorescent halos or "rings". α-Synuclein on-bead oligomerization results in a linear increase of red bead ring fluorescence intensity over a period of 5 h. Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy was performed on oligomers cleaved from the beads, and it revealed that (i) oligomers are sufficiently stable in solution to investigate their composition, consisting of 6 ± 1 monomer units, and (ii) oligomers containing a mean of 15 monomers bind Thioflavin-T. Various known inhibitors of α-synuclein aggregation were used to validate the ASYN-CONA assay for drug screening. Baicalein, curcumin, and rifampicin showed concentration-dependent inhibition of the α-synuclein aggregation and the IC50 (the concentration of the compound at which the maxiumum intensity was reduced by one-half) were calculated.

Dataset Information

Overcoming the aggregation problem: a new type of fluorescent ligand for ConA-based glucose sensing.

Publications

Overcoming the aggregation problem: a new type of fluorescent ligand for ConA-based glucose sensing.

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