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Structure-conserving spontaneous transformations between nanoparticles.

ABSTRACT: Ambient, structure- and topology-preserving chemical reactions between two archetypal nanoparticles, Ag₂₅(SR)₁₈ and Au₂₅(SR)₁₈, are presented. Despite their geometric robustness and electronic stability, reactions between them in solution produce alloys, Ag_mAu_n(SR)₁₈ (m+n=25), keeping their M₂₅(SR)₁₈ composition, structure and topology intact. We demonstrate that a mixture of Ag₂₅(SR)₁₈ and Au₂₅(SR)₁₈ can be transformed to any arbitrary alloy composition, Ag_mAu_n(SR)₁₈ (n=1-24), merely by controlling the reactant compositions. We capture one of the earliest events of the process, namely the formation of the dianionic adduct, (Ag₂₅Au₂₅(SR)₃₆)^2-, by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Molecular docking simulations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations also suggest that metal atom exchanges occur through the formation of an adduct between the two clusters. DFT calculations further confirm that metal atom exchanges are thermodynamically feasible. Such isomorphous transformations between nanoparticles imply that microscopic pieces of matter can be transformed completely to chemically different entities, preserving their structures, at least in the nanometric regime.

SUBMITTER: Krishnadas KR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5110647 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Structure-conserving spontaneous transformations between nanoparticles.

Krishnadas K R KR Baksi Ananya A Ghosh Atanu A Natarajan Ganapati G Pradeep Thalappil T

Nature communications 20161110

Ambient, structure- and topology-preserving chemical reactions between two archetypal nanoparticles, Ag25(SR)18 and Au25(SR)18, are presented. Despite their geometric robustness and electronic stability, reactions between them in solution produce alloys, AgmAun(SR)18 (m+n=25), keeping their M25(SR)18 composition, structure and topology intact. We demonstrate that a mixture of Ag25(SR)<su ...[more]

PMID: 27830711

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Project description:Fertilization has a large impact on the soil microbial communities, which play pivotal roles in soil biogeochemical cycling and ecological processes. While the effects of changes in nutrient availability due to fertilization on the soil microbial communities have received considerable attention, specific microbial taxa strongly influenced by long-term organic and inorganic fertilization, their potential effects and associations with soil nutrients remain unclear. Here, we use deep 16S amplicon sequencing to investigate bacterial community characteristics in a fluvo-aquic soil treated for 24 years with inorganic fertilizers and organics (manure and straw)-inorganic fertilizers, and uncover potential links between soil nutrient parameters and specific bacterial taxa. Our results showed that combined organic-inorganic fertilization increased soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents and altered bacterial community composition, while inorganic fertilization had little impact on soil nutrients and bacterial community composition. SOC and TN emerged as the major determinants of community composition. The abundances of specific taxa, especially Arenimonas, Gemmatimonas, and an unclassified member of Xanthomonadaceae, were substantially increased by organic-inorganic amendments rather than inorganic amendments only. A co-occurrence based network analysis demonstrated that SOC and TN had strong positive associations with some taxa (Gemmatimonas and the members of Acidobacteria subgroup 6, Myxococcales, Betaproteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes), and Gemmatimonas, Flavobacterium, and an unclassified member of Verrucomicrobia were identified as the keystone taxa. These specific taxa identified above are implicated in the decomposition of complex organic matters and soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus transformations. The present work strengthens our current understanding of the soil microbial community structure and functions under long-term fertilization management and provides certain theoretical support for selection of rational fertilization strategies.

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Structure-conserving spontaneous transformations between nanoparticles.

Publications

Structure-conserving spontaneous transformations between nanoparticles.

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