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High-Throughput Mutational Analysis of a Twister Ribozyme.

ABSTRACT: Recent discoveries of new classes of self-cleaving ribozymes in diverse organisms have triggered renewed interest in the chemistry and biology of ribozymes. Functional analysis and engineering of ribozymes often involve performing biochemical assays on multiple ribozyme mutants. However, because each ribozyme mutant must be individually prepared and assayed, the number and variety of mutants that can be studied are severely limited. All of the single and double mutants of a twister ribozyme (a total of 10?296 mutants) were generated and assayed for their self-cleaving activity by exploiting deep sequencing to count the numbers of cleaved and uncleaved sequences for every mutant. Interestingly, we found that the ribozyme is highly robust against mutations such that 71?% and 30?% of all single and double mutants, respectively, retain detectable activity under the assay conditions. It was also observed that the structural elements that comprise the ribozyme exhibit distinct sensitivity to mutations.

SUBMITTER: Kobori S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5113685 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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High-Throughput Mutational Analysis of a Twister Ribozyme.

Kobori Shungo S Yokobayashi Yohei Y

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) 20160727 35

Recent discoveries of new classes of self-cleaving ribozymes in diverse organisms have triggered renewed interest in the chemistry and biology of ribozymes. Functional analysis and engineering of ribozymes often involve performing biochemical assays on multiple ribozyme mutants. However, because each ribozyme mutant must be individually prepared and assayed, the number and variety of mutants that can be studied are severely limited. All of the single and double mutants of a twister ribozyme (a t ...[more]

PMID: 27461281

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Project description:We present results from molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations of the twister ribozyme at different stages along the reaction path to gain insight into its mechanism. The results, together with recent biochemical experiments, provide support for a mechanism involving general-acid catalysis by a conserved adenine residue in the active site. Although adenine has been previously implicated as a general acid acting through the N1 position in other ribozymes such as the hairpin and VS ribozymes, in the twister ribozyme there may be a twist. Biochemical experiments suggest that general acid catalysis may occur through the N3 position, which has never before been implicated in this role; however, currently, there is a lack of a detailed structural model for the active state of the twister ribozyme in solution that is consistent with these and other experiments. Simulations in a crystalline environment reported here are consistent with X-ray crystallographic data, and suggest that crystal packing contacts trap the RNA in an inactive conformation with U-1 in an extruded state that is incompatible with an in-line attack to the scissile phosphate. Simulations in solution, on the other hand, reveal this region to be dynamic and able to adopt a conformation where U-1 is stacked with G33. In this state, the nucleophile is in line with the scissile phosphate, and the N1 position of G33 and N3 position of A1 are poised to act as a general base and acid, respectively, as supported by mutational experiments. Free energy calculations further predict the electrostatic environment causes a shift of the microscopic pKa at the N3 position of A1 toward neutrality by approximately 5 pKa units. These results offer a unified interpretation of a broad range of currently available experimental data that points to a novel mode of general acid catalysis through the N3 position of an adenine nucleobase, thus expanding the repertoire of known mechanistic strategies employed by small nucleolytic ribozymes.

Dataset Information

High-Throughput Mutational Analysis of a Twister Ribozyme.

Publications

High-Throughput Mutational Analysis of a Twister Ribozyme.

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