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NF-kappa?-inducing kinase regulates stem cell phenotype in breast cancer.

ABSTRACT: Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) overexpress components of the Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-?B) signaling cascade and consequently display high NF-?B activity levels. Breast cancer cell lines with high proportion of CSCs exhibit high NF-?B-inducing kinase (NIK) expression. The role of NIK in the phenotype of cancer stem cell regulation is poorly understood. Expression of NIK was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR in BCSCs. NIK levels were manipulated through transfection of specific shRNAs or an expression vector. The effect of NIK in the cancer stem cell properties was assessed by mammosphere formation, mice xenografts and stem markers expression. BCSCs expressed higher levels of NIK and its inhibition through small hairpin (shRNA), reduced the expression of CSC markers and impaired clonogenicity and tumorigenesis. Genome-wide expression analyses suggested that NIK acts on ERK1/2 pathway to exert its activity. In addition, forced expression of NIK increased the BCSC population and enhanced breast cancer cell tumorigenicity. The in vivo relevance of these results is further supported by a tissue microarray of breast cancer samples in which we observed correlated expression of Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and NIK protein. Our results support the essential involvement of NIK in BCSC phenotypic regulation via ERK1/2 and NF-?B.

SUBMITTER: Vazquez-Santillan K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5120353 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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NF-kappaΒ-inducing kinase regulates stem cell phenotype in breast cancer.

Vazquez-Santillan Karla K Melendez-Zajgla Jorge J Jimenez-Hernandez Luis Enrique LE Gaytan-Cervantes Javier J Muñoz-Galindo Laura L Piña-Sanchez Patricia P Martinez-Ruiz Gustavo G Torres Javier J Garcia-Lopez Patricia P Gonzalez-Torres Carolina C Ruiz Victor V Avila-Moreno Federico F Velasco-Velazquez Marco M Perez-Tapia Mayra M Maldonado Vilma V

Scientific reports 20161123

Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) overexpress components of the Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling cascade and consequently display high NF-κB activity levels. Breast cancer cell lines with high proportion of CSCs exhibit high NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) expression. The role of NIK in the phenotype of cancer stem cell regulation is poorly understood. Expression of NIK was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR in BCSCs. NIK levels were manipulated through transfection of specific shRNAs or an expr ...[more]

PMID: 27876836

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Project description:The liver is an immunologically-privileged organ. Breakdown of liver immune privilege has been reported in chronic liver disease; however, the role of adaptive immunity in liver injury is poorly defined. Nuclear factor-?B-inducing kinase (NIK) is known to regulate immune tissue development, but its role in maintaining liver homeostasis remains unknown. This study aimed to assess the role of NIK, particularly thymic NIK, in regulating liver adaptive immunity.NIK was deleted systemically or conditionally using the Cre/loxp system. Cluster of differentiation [CD]4+ or CD8+ T cells were depleted using anti-CD4 or anti-CD8 antibody. Donor bone marrows or thymi were transferred into recipient mice. Immune cells were assessed by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry.Global, but not liver-specific or hematopoietic lineage cell-specific, deletion of NIK induced fatal liver injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. Likewise, adoptive transfer of NIK-null, but not wild-type, thymi into immune-deficient mice induced liver inflammation, injury, and fibrosis in recipients. Liver inflammation was characterized by a massive expansion of T cells, particularly the CD4+ T cell subpopulation. Depletion of CD4+, but not CD8+, T cells fully protected against liver injury, inflammation, and fibrosis in NIK-null mice. NIK deficiency also resulted in inflammation in the lung, kidney, and pancreas, but to a lesser degree relative to the liver.Thymic NIK suppresses development of autoreactive T cells against liver antigens, and NIK deficiency in the thymus results in CD4+ T cell-orchestrated autoimmune hepatitis and liver fibrosis. Thus, thymic NIK is essential for the maintenance of liver immune privilege and liver homeostasis.We found that global or thymus-specific ablation of the NIK gene results in fatal autoimmune liver disease in mice. NIK-deficient mice develop liver inflammation, injury, and fibrosis. Our findings indicate that thymic NIK is essential for the maintenance of liver integrity and homeostasis.

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NF-kappa?-inducing kinase regulates stem cell phenotype in breast cancer.

Publications

NF-kappaΒ-inducing kinase regulates stem cell phenotype in breast cancer.

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